Agrarian Activities.

Agrarian Activities.

1. Rural landscapes

   • Economical Activities in Rural Landscapes
     • Sectors of Economy
       • Primary
         • Agrarian Activities
       • Secondary
         • Small Industry
         • Artisanal Handicrafts
       • Tertiary
         • Public Services
         • Commerce
         • Tourism
     • Natural Resources
       • Renewable Resources
         • WATER, WOOD
       • Non-Renewable Resources
         • OIL, COAL, NATURAL GAS
   • Types of landscapes
     • Abiotic
     • Biotic
     • Man-Made
     • Physical Factors
       • Relief
       • Climate
       • Soil
       • Water Sources
     • Human Factors
       • Demographics
       • Technology
       • Economic Structure
       • Political Desitions

2. AGRICULTURE

   • AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURTE
     • Plot shape
       • Regular
       • Irregular
     • Farm size
       • Large Estates
       • Smallholdings
     • Ownership
       • Private
       • Collective
     • Boundaries
       • Open Field
       • Enclosed Field
     • Land Occupation
       • Direct use
       • Indirect use
   • Types of Crops
     • Tree Crops
       • (orange trees)
     • Herbaceous Crops
       • (cereals)
     • Shrub Crops
       • (grape plants)
   • Farming Systems
     • Variety os Species
       • Polyculture
         • different species
       • Monoculture
         • single crop
     • Area farmed and type of production
       • Intensive farming
       • Extensive farming
     • use of Water resources
       • Dryland
       • Irrigation farming

3. Livestock farming

   • MAIN TYPES OF LIVESTOCK
     • Ovine
     • Bovine
     • Caprine
     • Poultry
     • Equine
     • Porcine
   • The modernisation of Livestock farming
     • Changes
       • Mechanisation of livestock farms
       • The introduction of foreign breeds
       • The development of specialised farms
     • Consequences
       • Use of hormones to growth
       • Poor quality feed
       • Poor living conditions for the animals
       • The spread of disease
   • LIVESTOCK FARMING SYSTEMS
     • Farm size
       • Extensive
       • Intensive
     • Livestock Mobility
       • Nomadic
       • Seasonal migratory
       • Sedentary
     • Type of diet and enclosure
       • Confined
       • Unconfined
       • Semi-Confined

4. FISHING

   • Catching fish and other aquatic animals
     • Coastal fishing
       • Daily activity
       • near the coast
       • small boats
     • Deep-sea fishing
       • long way from the coast
       • Medium-sized boats
       • more than ten days
     • Deep-sea fishing in international waters
       • hundreds of miles from the coast
       • several fishing boats and a large factory ship
       • can last several months
   • Pot Trap
   • Almadraba
   • Seine
   • Gill Nets
   • Deep-sea or bottom trawl
   • Suction Fishing
   • Troll line

5. FORESTRY

   • products and resources
     • CORK
       • bottles of wine
       • insulation
     • RESINS
       • cosmetics
       • chemical industries
     • WOOD
       • construction
       • furniture
     • RUBBER
       • tyres
   • REFORESTATION

6. TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE

   • TRADITIONAL SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE
     • common in less-developed countries
     • rudimentary techniques
       • labour-intense
     • surplus are sold in local markets
     • small plots
       • polyculture
   • AGRICULTURAL METHODS AND TECHNIQUES
     • slash-and-burn cultivation
       • used in poor soil tropical areas
       • 1-clearing
         • a forested area is cleared
         • 2-burning
           • burn
             • plough
               • incorporate the ashes
           • 3-Planting
             • Several crops are planted
             • 4-Fallow
               • the abandoned space lies fallow
     • intensive irrigated farming
       • monoculture production is intensified
       • common in ares with high population densities and close to rivers
     • traditional farming
       • it uses annual crop rotation
       • polyculture system
       • was used in Europe

7. MODERN AGRARIAN LANDSCAPES

   • CHARACTERISED BY:
     • increase of monoculture and irrigation
     • mechanisation of farm work
     • The use of chemicals
     • increase in yield per hectare, reduction in labour costs
     • New farming techniques
       • greenhouses
       • farming under plastics
       • requires significant capital investment
   • extensive, mechanised monoculture
     • common in U.S, Canada, Australia, Russia
     • extensive farming is highly mechanised
       • cereal monoculture
     • agri-businesses
     • overproduction
   • Plantation agriculture
     • common in tropical regions of:
       • The Americas
       • Asia
       • Africa
     • each plantation specialises in one prduct
       • coffee, bananas,tea, sugarcane and cacao
     • export
     • local labour

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