Morphological Processes and conceptual categories.

Morphological Processes and conceptual categories.

1. Conceptual categories.

   • Expectation of patterned behavior.
     • Variation in form.
     • Variation in function.
   • It may help to contrast conceptual categories with other meaning and some that are categories in some language.
     • Determine some pattern of grammatical
       • Lexical
       • Morphological
       • Syntactic
         • Expression

2. Conceptual category labels (or “glosses”)

   • Interpretations
     • Help readers of a grammatical description understand.
     • Remember the functions of particular grammatical constructions
     • Units such as words, roots, and affixes.

3. Morphological processes.

   • Prefixation
     • Involves the addition of a morpheme to the beginning of a root.
   • Suffixation
     • involves the addition of a morpheme to the end of a root.
       • In English, the past tense
   • Infixation
     • Involves the addition of a morpheme in the middle of a root.
       • English do employ infixes, usually for emotive, humorous, or social solidarity reasons.
   • Circumfixation
     • one morpheme has two parts – one that appears before the root and another after the root.
       • expression of negation
   • Stem modification
     • It is a change in shape that does not involve the addition of any affix
   • Autosegmental variation
     • consists of adjustments in features such as stress, tone, and nasalization.
   • Reduplication
     • repetition of part or all of a root.
     • partial reduplication
       • only part of the root is repeated.
   • Non-concatenative morphology
     • It involves superimposing a pattern of vowels, and possibly other morphological pieces, on a root that consists only of consonants.
   • Subtractive morphology
     • one or more segments are omitted from a word in order to express a particular conceptual category
   • Compounding
     • involves combining roots to form new stems.

4. Methods

   • Prose.
     • Many of the grammatical patterns in language may be expressed in ordinary prose.
       • Prose statements are often the most communicative way of expressing facts about grammatical structure.
   • Position-class diagrams.
     • This method is a variation on a general approach to morphological structure.
       • Step 1: Isolate the roots.
       • Step 2: Estimate the affix positions.
       • Step 3: Begin to analyze prefixes.
       • Step 4: Analyze the suffixes.
       • Step 5: Label the columns
   • Process rules
     • A process rule is a representation that describes relationships among the various shapes of words as though they were changes that the words undergo.

5. Categories

   • Derivational
     • Create new stems
       • Nominalization
         • Verb-Noun
         • Abj-Noun
       • Comparision
         • Abj-Comparativo Abj
     • The morphological systems for making new words
   • IInflectional
     • Add some important the may be required by the syntictic or situation context
       • Number
         • Singular-Plural
         • Present-Past
     • The morphological system for making word forms of words

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