SHOCK

SHOCK

1. Etiology

   • Obstructive
   • Septic: infection
   • Anaphylactic: exagerated infection
   • Hypovolemic: blood or body water loss
   • Neurogenic: hypotensive despite of volume infusion= vasopressin
   • Cardiogenic: cardiac arrythmias, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease myocardial infraction

2. Types

   • Mild shock: decreases peripheral perfussion, sweat
   • Moderate shock: mild shock + drowsy & confused, tachicardia
   • Severe shock: unconscious, gasping respiration, anuria, rapid pulse, profound hypotension

3. Stages

   • Initial: anaerobic metabolism
   • Non-progresive: compensating
   • Progresive: descompensated
   • Refractory: organs fail and the shock can no longer be reversed --> death

4. Monitoring

   • Blood pressure Heart rate Respiratory rate Urine output Blood CBC Pulse-oximetry ECG, X-ray

5. Treatment

   • Treat the cause
   • 1. Crystalloid solutions 2. Colloid solutions
   • A: airway B:breathing C:circulation

6. Shock is a physiologic state characterized by systemic reduction in tissue perfusion, resulting in decreased tissue oxygen delivery

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