CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

1. MATTER: Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space

   • MIXTURE
     • two or more different substances are physically mixed, but not chemically Combined.
       • HOMOGENEOUS
         • An homogeneous mixture is when the composition of the substances in the mixture is uniform.
           • EXAMPLE: mixtures are air, which contains oxygen and nitrogen gases; and seawater, a solution of salt and water.
       • HETEROGENEOUS
         • An heterogeneous mixture is when the components are visible and do not have a uniform composition throughout the sample.
           • EXAMPLE: A mixture of oil and water is heterogeneous because the oil floats on the surface of the water.
   • PURE SUBSTANCE
     • Is matter that has a fixed or constant composition.
       • ELEMENTS
         • An element, the simplest type of a pure substance, is composed of only one type of material, such as silver, iron, or aluminum.
           • Include oxygen, hydrogen, sodium, chlorine, lead, iron.
       • COMPOUNDS
         • A compound is also a pure substance, but it consists of two or more elements chemi- cally combined in the same proportion.
           • include water ( or hydrogen oxide H2O; and Sodium Chloride
   • PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
     • Are properties that can be measured or observed without changing the chemical nature of the substance
       • Some examples of physical properties are: color, density, volume , mass, boiling point; the temperature at which a substance boils, melting point; the temperature at which a substance melts
   • CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
     • A chemical property is a characteristic or behavior of a substance that may be observed when it undergoes a chemical change or reaction.
       • Examples of chemical properties are: Toxicity Reactivity Types of chemical bonds formed Coordination number, etc.
   • PHYSICAL CHANGES
     • Physical changes involve states of matter and energy. No new substance is created during a physical change, although the matter takes a different form.
       • How to Identify a Physical Change One way to identify a physical change is that such a change may be reversible, especially a phase change.
       • Examples of Physical Changes: Crushing a can Melting an ice cube Boiling water Mixing sand and water Breaking a glass Dissolving sugar and water, etc.
   • CHEMICAL CHANGES
     • A chemical change, also known as a chemical reaction, is a process in which one or more substances are altered into one or more new and different substances
       • Examples of Chemical Changes: Cooking an egg Burning a candle Rusting iron,,etc