animal digestive sistems

animal digestive sistems

1. NON-RUMINANTS

   • Non-Ruminant Herbivores
     • Horses (and related species) and rabbits fall under a digestive category referred to as non-ruminant herbivores or ‘hindgut fermenters. especially the cecum. The cecum, in all animals,, but most fat, protein and non-fibrous carbohydrate digestion occurs in the small intestine.
   • Monogastrics
     • A monogastric, or non-ruminant, digestive system is characterized by a simple, glandular stomach.. From here, the feed enters the small intestine where it is met by bile (from the liver) and more enzymes from the pancreas and intestines themselves. The materials, or waste products, that cannot be absorbed are retained in the large intestine, become feces, and are excreted through the anus of the animal.
   • Avian
     • Birds are classified as having a monogastric digestive system, though there are some substantial differences when compared to other monogastric animals. This is an enlarged area of the esophagus that acts as a reservoir to store food. There is minimal motility of the proventriculus; feed passes through it as a result of esophageal contraction.

2. RUMINANTS

   • Ruminants have no upper incisor teeth. Instead they rely on lower incisors and an upper dental pad in conjunction with their lips and tongue to grasp food. The two interconnected compartments are called the reticulo-rumen, the feed is diluted with large amounts of saliva (cattle can produce up to 150 liters per day) and swallowed to the reticulo-rumen.. Once back in the mouth, any liquid is quickly swallowed again, but the coarser feed material is thoroughly chewed before being returned to the rumen for the next phase of digestion (this repetitive process is referred to as “chewing the cud”).

3. Along that tube are various structures that contribute to nutrient intake (mouth), holding and digestion (stomach) and further digestion and absorption (small intestine, large intestine) as well as the removal of the leftover waste products (anus).