BAROQUE ART

BAROQUE ART

1. BAROQUE PAINTING

   • The Golden Age of Spanish Painting
     • During the 17th century, although the Spanish Empire was in decline, there were artistic and literary works
       • Most works were religious, but also there were portraits, still lifes, scenes from everyday life and mythologicas paintings
         • Diego Velázquez
           • He is known, as the master of light, and this is because of:
             • - The masterful use of light and aerial perspective, with the sfumato technique
             • The realism of the scenes and phsychological depth of the figures, which the humanises to make it easier for viewers to feel a connection with them.
               • Velázquez: Las Meninas, 1656
             • - The complex compositions featuring different planes and sources of light
         • Zurbarán
           • Was a painter, who´s early work, was influenced by Caravaggio´s tenebrism, although he eventually developed his own style
             • Zurabán: Still life with vessels, 1650
         • Murillo
           • He painted many religious scenes, particulary, the Immaculate Conception. He was also known because of his daily life featuring children and picaros
             • Murillo: Two Women at a Window, 1660
         • Ribera
           • Known as Spagnoletto, worked as a painter in Italy. His religious paintings and portraits reflected Caravaggio´s tenebrism and the crude drama of the Spanish Baroque style.
             • Ribera: The Entombment of Christ, 1604
   • The height of realist paintaings Features commom to all Baroque painting:
     • Realism
       • Real life models
     • A focus on light
       • Baroque artists, used the chiaroscuro technique, which was an interplay of light and shade
         • To create shapes and depth
     • The importance of colour over drawing
       • Patches of colour
       • Bright, warm colours, aided by the use of oil paints
     • The search of movement in the compositions
       • Foreshortering, asymetry, undulating lines and people in motion
   • Painting in Catholic countries
     • Religious, mythological and royal subject predominated
       • The Italian school
         • The leading, Michelangelo Mersi da Caravaggio, worked in Rome, he is the father of tenebrism, an abrupt contrast between dark backgrounds and sources of light
           • Caravaggio: The Entombment of Christ, 1604
       • The French school
         • Influenced by academic art. Nicolas Poussin, had strict ruler of composition and drawing. Other artists, composed naturalist and forceful paintings
           • Le Nain: Peasant family in an interior, 1642
       • The Flemish school
         • Peter Paul Rubens, was the main exponent of Flemish paintings, in his paintings, predominated the color over the drawing, movement and sensuality.
           • Rubens: The Three Graces, 1639
   • The Golden Age of Dutch Paintings School of Protestant Baroque painting
     • Absence of decoration in churches The newly-formed bourgeoisie
       • Painters started to adress new subjects
     • HALS: The regentesses of the Old Men's Almshouse Haarlem, 1664
     • REMBRAND: The night Watch, 1642
     • VERMEER: Girl with a Pearl Earninf, 1665
     • HOOCH: A Woman Peeling Apples, 1663

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