Passive Voice : Present Perfect

Passive Voice : Present Perfect

1. Structure

   • Be + past participle (3rd form of the verb)
     • Example
       • Negative
         • Ben does not walk the cat.
           • The cat is not walked by Ben.
         • They do not make sandwiches here.
           • Sanwiches are not made her.
       • Question
         • Does Ben walk the rabbit?
           • Is the rabbit walked (by Ben?)
         • How do they make the cookies?
           • How are the cookies made?
       • Affirmative
         • Ben walks the dog.
           • The dog is walked.
         • They make cookies here.
           • Cookies are made here.

2. Two voices

   • Active
     • When the subject of the sentence does the action.
       • Example
         • My mom sings that song.
         • The teachers help the new student.
   • Passive
     • When we focus on the object of the sentence.
       • Example
         • That song is sung by my mom.
         • The new student is helped by the teacher.
       • When it is important to know who does the action.
         • Use "by"
           • The noun that follows is called the "agent".
       • Whe the agent is unknown or uniportant to the sentence .
         • Do not use "by"
           • Example
             • This sweater is made in China.

3. Uses

   • When we talk about art, science, or literature.
     • Example
       • The scientific method is used for experiments.
   • To explain directions and instructions.
     • Example
       • Baseball is played with nine players on the team.
   • In news reports and academic writing.
     • Example
       • The environment is studied by many scientists.

4. Verbs

   • Regular
     • Solve
       • Solved
         • Solved
     • Carry
       • Carried
         • Carried
   • Irregular
     • Ends in-en
       • Bite
         • Bit
           • Bitten
       • Eat
         • Ate
           • Eaten
       • Forget
         • Forgot
           • Forgotten
       • Get
         • Got
           • Gotten
       • Ride
         • Rode
           • Ridden
       • Speak
         • Spoke
           • Spoken
     • Vowel changes from a to u
       • Drink
         • Drank
           • Drunk
       • Sing
         • Sang
           • Sung
       • Swim
         • Swam
           • Swum
     • Changes from ew to own
       • Blow
         • Blew
           • Blown
       • Fly
         • Flew
           • Flown
       • Grow
         • Grew
           • Grown
       • Know
         • Knew
           • Known
       • Throw
         • Threw
           • Thrown
     • Changes from are to orn
       • Wear
         • Wore
           • Worn
     • Past Simple and Past Participle are very different
       • Do
         • Did
           • Done
       • See
         • Saw
           • Seen
       • Go
         • Went
           • Gone

5. English verbs have three main forms

   • Base Form
   • Simple Past
   • Past Participle