Laboratory tests (II)

Laboratory tests (II)

1. Glucose

   • Measured in serum and plasma
     • High levels indicate the presence of diabetes mellitus
       • Can also be measured in urine

2. Glucose tolerance test

   • To determine how the body responds to glucose
     • Blood and urine samples are taken after the patient has fasted
     • Then a solution of 100 grams of glucose is give a mouth
     • Additional blood and urine samples are obtained a half hour and again at intervals of up to 2 hours
       • to determine the rate of rise in and then the fall of glucose in the blood
   • This test will diagnose daiebetes mellitus

3. Hematocrit

   • Measurement of % blood volume occupied by red blood cells
     • 40-50% males
     • 37-47% famales
     • Low hematocrite indicates anemia
   • HCT

4. Hemocult test

   • Examination of small sample of stool for otherwise inapparent traces of blood
     • This is an important screening test for colon cancer
   • Stool Guaiac test

5. Hemoglobin assay

   • Measurement of the concentration of hemoglobin in blood
     • 13,0-17, 0g/dL males
     • 12,0-15,0 famales
   • Hgb

6. Human chorionic gonadotropin assay

   • its concentration in the urine is measured
     • Elevated in patients with cartain tumors
   • Pregnancy test basis
   • HCG

7. Immunoassay

   • Testing blood and urine
     • makes use of the immunological reaction between antigens and antibodies

8. Immunoglobulin

   • Measurement of proteins that bind to an destroy antigens

9. Immunohistochemestry

   • antibody tagged with a fluorescent label or dye
     • To detected the presence antigen
       • tumor
       • infection

10. PCR test

    • Find and analize DNA and RNA in viruses
    • Diagnosegenetic disease
    • Polymerase chain reaction

11. PKU test

    • Determines if the baby urine contains phenylketones
      • If they are present
        • Phenylketonuria (PKU)
          • Accumulation of highs levels of phenylanine
            • Affects the babys brain

12. Platelet count

    • is determined on a blood sample

13. Potassium

    • Measured in serum
    • is an important chemical for
      • regulating electrical currents and maintainig the cell membrane
      • Muscle and nerve functions
    • K

14. Pregnancy test

    • Measurement in blood or urine of HCG

15. Progesterone receptor assay

    • A sample of tumor contains a progesterone receptor protein

16. Prostate specific antigen

    • Blood test
      • measures the amount of elevated antigens in prostate cancer
    • PSA

17. Prothrombin time

    • Measurement of blood factors in coagulation
      • deficiency
        • Prolonged prothrombin time
        • Slow coagulation

18. Red blood cells count

    • RBC
    • The number of erythrocytes in a sample of blood is counted
      • Low RBC
        • Anemia
      • High RBC
        • Polycythemia vera

19. Rheumatoid factor assay

    • Detection of the abnormal rheumatoid factor in serum
      • this factor is found
        • patients with rheumatoid arthritis
        • autoinmune diseases

20. Semen analysis

    • To detect number, viability and mobility of spem cells

21. Sodium level

    • measured in serum
      • Excess sodium is excreted by the kydneys
    • sodium
      • Important element of the organism
      • it exchanges with potassium within cells during muscle contraction or nerve conduction
      • involved in water balance and acid base chemical balance

22. Sputum test

    • Examination of mucus coughed
      • detect
        • Tumor
        • Infection

23. Thyroid function tests

    • Tests that measure the levels of thyroid hormones
      • T3
      • T4
      • Diagnose
        • Hypothyroidism
        • Hyperthyroidism

24. Triglycerides

    • Determinaton of the amount in serum
      • High levels are risk factors
        • heart diseases

25. Troponin

    • Measurement of troponin I and troponin T levels
      • Indicates presence and degree of myocardial injury

26. Urid acid

    • Measurement of the amount of uric acid in the serum
      • high levels are associated
        • Gout
        • Arthritis
        • Kidney stones

27. Urinalysis

    • Observation of unusual color or odor
    • Determination of specific gravity
    • Chemical test
    • Microscopic examination
    • To detect
      • Abnormal functioning of the kidneys and bladder
      • Infections
      • Diabetes mellitus
    • UA

28. Westem blot

    • Test to detect infection by HIV
      • The serum is mixed with purified proteins from the HIV

29. White blood cell

    • WBC
    • Detection of the number of leukocytes in the blood
      • High counts
        • Infection
        • Leucemia
        • Allergic diseases
      • A differential is the % different types of white blood cells
        • Neutrophils
        • Eosinophils
        • Basophils
        • Lymphocytes
        • Monocytes

30. Viral load test for VIH

    • Measures the number of viral particles in the blood
    • Determines the effectiveness of antiviral treatment