Articulatory Phonetics

Articulatory Phonetics

1. Production of speech

   • Iniciation
     • Setting air vocal tract
   • Phonation (Voicing)
     • Airflow through larynx
   • Articulation (Manner)
     • Shaping airflow generate sound types.

2. Voice

   • Voiced Sounds
     • Vocal fold vibrations produced
     • Examples: b , d , v , m
   • Voiceless Sounds
     • No vocal fold vibration
     • Examples: s , t , p , f

3. Place

   • Articulators
     • Make speech sounds possible
     • Active articulator
       • Moves towards another articulator
       • Form a closure of some type in vocal tract
     • Passive articulator
       • Destination that the active articulator moves towards
         • Hard palate
   • Vocal tract
     • Bilabial
       • The upper and lower lips.
         • Examples : p , b , m
     • Labiodental
       • Lower lip (labial) and upper teeth (dental)
         • sounds : f , v
           • Endolabial
             • Pressed against the inside
           • Exolabial
             • Pressed against the outer side
           • Upper teeth => Lower lip
     • Dental
       • Tongue tip making contact upper teeth
         • Constriction.
       • Tongue between upper and lower teeth
         • Interdental
       • Dental sounds: / θ, ð/
     • Alveolar
       • Front portion tongue making contact alveolar ridge
         • Effective constriction in vocal tract
         • Examples : t , d , n , l , s
     • Postalveolar
       • Blade of tongue comes into contact with post-alveolar region
       • Examples : ʃ, ʒ
     • Palatal
       • Tongue body raises up towards hard-palate
         • Examples : j , usually spelt as <y>
     • Velar
       • Tongue dorsum raises towards soft palate
       • Examples : k , g ŋ

4. Manner

   • Way a sound is made
     • Stop articulations
       • Complete closure in the vocal tract
       • Two articulators come together to prevent air escaping between them.
       • Kind of airflow
         • Plosives (oral )
           • Maintainable stops
           • Complete closure in the oral (vocal) tract
           • Sounds : p , b , t , d , k , g
         • Nasals
           • Velum is lowered during nasal sounds
             • Airflow to escape through the nasal cavity
           • Sounds : m , n , ŋ
     • Fricatives
       • Narrowing distance between active and passive articulators
         • Airflow to become turbulent
       • Sounds : f , v , θ , ð , s , z , ʃ , ʒ /
     • Approximants
       • Distance isn’t wide enough to create turbulent airflow
       • Sounds : w , j , r , l

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