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1090328
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease "COPD"
Description
Mind Map on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease "COPD", created by aprintz on 23/07/2014.
Mind Map by
aprintz
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
aprintz
about 10 years ago
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Resource summary
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease "COPD"
Causes
Smoking, Secondhand smoke, organic/inorganic dust, polution
alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (genetic)
Pathophysiology
increase of airway inflammation due to increase in WBCs and remodeling
airways are then worsened by proteases/antiproteases (protein digestion enzymes) and oxidants/antioxidants
decrease in ciliary function
Air comes in but cant get out causing hyperinflation
increase in air in the lungs at the end of tidal exhalation increasing residual volume (RV) & functional residual capacity (FRC)
pt. becomes barrel-chested and kyphotic
decreased diaphragmic movement (excursion)
diaphragm becomes flatter, less domed
results in an inward motion of the lower ribs during contraction
Accessory muscles of ventilation are recruited
muscle hypertrophy, pursed-lip breathing, cyanosis, and clubbing
capillary perfusion of O2 is decreased resulting in hypoxemia eventually causing hypercapnea (increase of carbon dioxide in the blood)
increase in hypoxemia results in right ventricular hypertrophy (cor pulmonale)
heart elongation, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and depression
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