Carbohydrates

Description

Mind Map on Carbohydrates, created by ren ata on 18/10/2016.
ren ata
Mind Map by ren ata, updated more than 1 year ago
ren ata
Created by ren ata almost 8 years ago
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Resource summary

Carbohydrates
  1. Part of the organic biomolecules
    1. Functions
      1. Precursors
        1. Of certain lipids, amino acids, purines, pyramids & vitamins
        2. Structural
          1. Ex: cellulose in plants, bacterias & fungi
          2. Energy
            1. Ex: glycogen broken down
            2. Reserve
              1. Ex: glycogen
              2. Recognition Signals
                1. Involved in cell recognition
                  1. Ex: coagulation, hormone recognition
              3. Bonds
                1. Glycosidic Bond
                  1. -Covalent bond, joins a carbohydrate to another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate
                2. Chemical reactions
                  1. Reduction
                    1. Produces sugar alcohol
                      1. Alditols
                    2. Esterification
                      1. Usually performed by treating the carbohydrate with an acid chloride or an acid anhydride in the presence of a base
                      2. Mutarotation
                        1. Conversion between alpha and beta forms when monosaccharides are dissolved in water
                        2. Oxidation
                          1. Presence of oxidizing agents monosaccharides pass through several oxidation rxn.’s
                            1. Produce
                              1. Uronic acid
                                1. Aldaric acid
                                  1. Aldonic acid
                            2. Nomenclature
                              1. Classification
                                1. Isomerism
                                  1. L and D isomers
                                    1. - Fisher projection The -OH on the chiral carbon farthest from the carbonyl group
                                      1. LEFT L-isomer
                                        1. RIGHT D-isomer
                                      2. α and β anomers
                                        1. - Haworth structure The -OH on the first chiral carbon
                                          1. UP β-anomer
                                            1. DOWN α-anomer
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