Mind map

Faisal Works In His Garden

Nadeen Adi English

Map content

Anatomy of the heart
- Heart orientation
  - Base of the heart
    - Directed backward and to the right
    - Formed by the left atrium mainly, and by right atrium
    - Formed by the left atrium mainly, and by right atrium
  - apex of the heart
    - Directed downwards, forwards, and to the left
    - Formed by the left ventricle
    - Lies opposite to the left 5th intercostal space
  - borders of the heart
    - upper border
      - right and left atrium (mainly left)
    - right border
      - right atrium
    - left border
      - left ventricle and auricle
    - lower border
      - left ventricle (mainly) and right ventricle
  - surfaces of the heart
    - sternocostal surface
      - Atrial portion
        right atrium and auricle and left atrium
      - Ventricular portion
        2/3 right ventricle and 1/3 left ventricle
    - diaphragmatic surface
      - two ventricles mainly left
    - left surface
      - left ventricle and auricle
    - right surface
      - right atrium
- Cardiac vasculature
  - - Nadin M-Bassam Adi U15101378 Group: J
- Heart surface anatomy
Demographics
- Faisal
- 65 year old
Cardiac Cycle
Differential Causes of Fainting and Chest Pain
- Differential Causes of Fainting (Syncope)
- Differential Causes of Chest Pain
Valvular heart diseases
- Degenerative valve disease
  - Calcific aortic stenosis
  - Mitral valve prolapse
    - Myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve leaflets and chordae tendineae
    - midsystolic click and heart murmur
- Rheumatic valvular disease
  - Acute
    - autoimmune response to group A beta-hemolytic strep. infection
    - Diagnosis
  - Chronic
    - valve scaring and stenosis
    - thickening of chordae tendineae and cusps
- Infective endocarditis
  - Clinical manifestations
    - Petechiae
    - Splinter hemorrheage
    - Janeway lesions
    - Osler's nodes
    - Roth spots
    - Fever
    - Anorexia
  - Diagnosis (Duke's criteria)
    - 2 Major, 1 Major + 3 Minor , or 5 Minor
- Noninfective vegetations
  - Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
  - Libman-Sacks endocrditis
- Carcinoid heart disease
- Prosthetic cardiac valve
  - Bio-prosthetic valves
    - Structural deterioration, calcification
    - Infective endocarditis
  - mechanical valves
    - Thrombi
    - Infective endocarditis
    - Hemolysis
Investigations of Valvular diseases
- Electrocardiography
- Echocardiography
- Chest X-Ray
- Cardiac Catheterization
Psychological Factors of Heart Diseases
Heart sounds