valvular diseases

Description

Mind Map on valvular diseases, created by Fatima K on 10/09/2017.
Fatima K
Mind Map by Fatima K, updated more than 1 year ago
Fatima K
Created by Fatima K over 6 years ago
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Resource summary

valvular diseases
  1. Rheumatic fever
    1. signs and symptoms
      1. major
        1. Arthritis
          1. carditis
            1. sydenham chorea
              1. erythema marginatum
                1. Subcutaneous nodules
                2. minor
                  1. fainting (syncope)
                    1. occurs when the brain stops functioning properly because of a sudden decrease in blood flow
                      1. pre-syncope
                        1. feeling losing of consciousness or blacking out due to cardiac problems
                      2. Arthralgia
                        1. fever
                          1. pallor
                            1. anorexia
                          2. acute RF
                            1. an inflammatory disease that is most common in 5 to 15 years old children
                              1. cause :Group A streptococcus
                              2. chronic rheumatic heart disease
                                1. complications:
                                  1. valve stenosis
                                    1. arrhythmia
                                      1. heart failure
                                        1. Endocarditis
                                          1. infective endocarditis
                                            1. predisposing factors
                                              1. RHD
                                                1. congenital heart disease
                                                  1. Prosthetic Valve
                                                    1. IV drug abuse
                                                    2. pathophysiology
                                                      1. endothelial erosion>sterile micro thrombi formation>bacteremia> microorganism adhesion>vegetations
                                                      2. acute
                                                        1. staph aureus
                                                          1. affects normal valves
                                                            1. destruction of the valve
                                                            2. subacute
                                                              1. strep. viridians
                                                                1. affects abnormal valves
                                                                  1. no destruction of the valve
                                                                  2. C\P
                                                                    1. fever
                                                                      1. weakness
                                                                      2. complications
                                                                        1. glomerulonephritis
                                                                          1. thromboembolism
                                                                        2. NBTE
                                                                          1. libman- sack
                                                                      3. pathophysiology
                                                                        1. delayed immune response to infection with group A beta hemolytic strep. which induces immunological damage in heart valves, joints &brain
                                                                        2. treatment
                                                                          1. antibiotics
                                                                            1. penicillin
                                                                            2. Anti-inflammatory drugs
                                                                              1. naproxen
                                                                                1. aspirin
                                                                              2. investigations
                                                                                1. high ESR
                                                                                  1. elevated C active protein
                                                                                    1. throat culture-GABH strep
                                                                                      1. ASO titer >200
                                                                                        1. ECHO
                                                                                          1. edema, MR, LA,LV dilation
                                                                                          2. ECG
                                                                                            1. prolonged P R interval, ST depression
                                                                                        2. heart
                                                                                          1. anatomy
                                                                                            1. cardiac cycle
                                                                                              1. 1st diastolic period
                                                                                                1. the atria and ventricles are relaxed and the atrioventricular valves are open and RA is filled.
                                                                                                2. 1st systolic period
                                                                                                  1. the right ventricle is filled with blood passed on from the right atrium and it contracts
                                                                                                  2. 2nd diastolic P.
                                                                                                    1. the semilunar valves close and the atrioventricular valves open and the blood moves to the lung to be oxygenated.
                                                                                                    2. 2nd systolic P
                                                                                                      1. the atrioventricular valves close and the semilunar valves open and the left ventricle is pumped to the aorta
                                                                                                    3. murmurs
                                                                                                      1. heart sounds produced when blood flows across one of the valves
                                                                                                        1. Innocent murmurs:
                                                                                                          1. fever
                                                                                                            1. pregnancy
                                                                                                              1. physical activities
                                                                                                                1. hyperthyroidism
                                                                                                                2. abnormal
                                                                                                                  1. systolic
                                                                                                                    1. aortic stenosis, MR, MV prolapse, tricuspid insufficiency
                                                                                                                    2. diastolic
                                                                                                                      1. aortic insufficiency, mitral stenosis
                                                                                                                  2. normal sounds
                                                                                                                    1. s1:closure of Mitral, Tricuspid valves
                                                                                                                      1. S2 closure of Pulmonic, Aortic valves
                                                                                                                    2. examination of CVS
                                                                                                                      1. history taking
                                                                                                                        1. inspection
                                                                                                                          1. eyes: xanthelasma
                                                                                                                            1. chest: pigeon chest
                                                                                                                              1. skin: cyanosis, clubbing,Xanthomas, edema
                                                                                                                                1. JVP
                                                                                                                                2. palpitation
                                                                                                                                  1. thrill, apex beat, size of LV
                                                                                                                                    1. pulse: dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial P
                                                                                                                                    2. Auscultation
                                                                                                                                    3. Aortic stenosis
                                                                                                                                      1. causes:
                                                                                                                                        1. congenital bicuspid aortic valve
                                                                                                                                          1. calcific valvular disease
                                                                                                                                          2. risk factors
                                                                                                                                            1. smoking
                                                                                                                                              1. diabetes
                                                                                                                                                1. hypertension
                                                                                                                                                  1. renal insufficiency
                                                                                                                                                    1. male
                                                                                                                                                      1. hyperlipidemia
                                                                                                                                                      2. pathophysiology
                                                                                                                                                        1. obstruction of LV>LV hypertrophy>aortic pressure is low>LV compliance> elevated LV contraction > MI> congestive HF.
                                                                                                                                                        2. signs &symptoms
                                                                                                                                                          1. dsyonea
                                                                                                                                                            1. small volume pulse
                                                                                                                                                              1. angina
                                                                                                                                                                1. stable
                                                                                                                                                                  1. unstable
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Variant
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Microvascular
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Atypical
                                                                                                                                                                2. mid-diastolic click murmur
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