syncope

syncope

1. what is it

   • Types
     • Non-CVS
       • vasovagal syncope
       • Dehydration
       • Hypotension
       • Low blood glucose
     • CVS
       • Ischemia
       • severe aortic stenosis
       • Cardiac vascular abnormality
       • syncope on exercise
       • Sick SInus Syndrome
         • what is it?
           • a group of signs or symptoms that indicate the sinus node (natural pacemaker) is not functioning properly
             • causes
               • Damage of the heart electrical system
                 • What is the electrical system of the heart ?
                   • Conduction system
                     • Conduction system and ECG
                       • AV node and bundels
                         • PR interval
                       • Purkinjie fibers/ventricular myocardium
                         • QRS complex
                       • SA node
                         • P wave
                       • ECG
                         • Mean vector
                         • Quadrant method
                   • Elctrophysiology
                     • Cardiac electrophysiology is the science of elucidating, diagnosing and treating the electrical activity of the heart
               • scar tissue
               • Medications
               • Breakdown of the heart muscles due to age
             • Symptoms
               • Bradycardia
               • Fatigue
               • Weakness
               • Dyspnea
               • Angina
               • Confusion
             • Complications
               • Arrythmias
               • Atrial fibrillation
               • Heart failure
               • Blood clot
               • Stroke
             • Treatment
               • Pharmacological
                 • Antiarrhythmic agents
               • surgical
                 • Pacemaker
   • Fainting
     • Signs and symptoms
       • sweating
       • confusion
       • paleness
       • headache
       • nausea
       • Pathology

2. FirstAid

   • CPR
     • CAB
       • Compressions
         • Push hard and fast on the victim's chest
       • Airway
         • Tilt the victim's head back and lift the chin to open the airway
       • Breathing
         • Give mouth-to-mouth rescue breaths
     • complications
       • Fractures
       • Rib cartilage separation
       • bruising of heart and lungs
       • punctures

3. History taking of syncope

   • 5 Ps
     • Precipitant
     • prodrome
     • postition
     • palpitations
     • post- event phenomena
   • 5 Cs
     • color
     • convulsions
     • continece
     • cardiac problems
     • cardiac death family history

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