Introduction to Teaching English as a foreign
language
Lingusitic Environment
Theories of second language learners (L2)
The Pidginiziation Hypothesis/ The Acculturation Model (John Schumann)
--> The more acculturated a
learner can become, the
more successul his or her
eventual learning outcomes
will be
-->great social distance
between L1 and L2 groups
plus negativ attitude towards
targeted language causes bad
learning situations
The Input Hypothesis/ The Monitor Model (Stephen Krashen)
-->According to Krashen most important
source of L2 learning is comprehensible input;
comprehension and acquisition are two distict
process--> learners can comprehend more
than they can acquire and can acquire more
than they comprehend.
comprehensible input -->mostly
obtained through listening, oral
messages, reading, written
texts--> if this process happen
than learners will learn grammar
easily
The Pushed Output Hypothesis (Merril Swain)
"Producing the target language may be
the trigger that forces the learner to pay
attention to the means of expression
needed in order sucessfully convey his or
her own intended meaning"