Translation problems

Translation problems

1. Lexical-semantic

   • Resolved by
     • Dictionaries
     • Glossaries
     • Terminology banks
     • Experts
   • Problems Include
     • Terminology
     • Neologisms
     • Semantic gaps
     • Contextual synonyms and antonyms

2. Gramatical

   • Temporality
   • Aspectuality
   • Pronouns
   • Explicity

3. Pragmatic problems

   • Arise with
     • Modes of address using “you”
     • Idiomatic phrases
     • Sayings
     • Irony
     • Humor
     • Sarcasm

4. Rhetorical

   • Identification and recreation of figures
     • Comparison
     • Metaphor
     • Metonymy
     • Synecdoche
     • Oxymoron
     • Paradox

5. Syntatical

   • Originate in
     • Syntactic parallels
     • Direction of the passive voice
     • Focus
     • Rhetorical figures of speech
       • Hyperbaton
       • Anaphora

6. Cultural

   • Arise from
     • Names of food
     • Festivals
     • Cultural connotations