Mind map
Cardiovascular Drugs
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Cardiovascular Drugs
anti-hypertensive drugs
- Calcium channel blockers
- Angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocking drugs
- ACE inhibitors
- Angiotensin Receptor blockers
- Renin inhibitors
- peripheral vasodilators
- Diuretics
- مدرات البول "تعمل على زيادة خروج الماء والملح من الجسم"
- Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (site1)
- *prototype carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Mechanism: inhibit carbonic anhydrase in renal proximal tubule cells. -->less H+ for Na+/H+ exchange -->increased Na+, increased H2O retension (احتباس ) يحبسها عشان تطلع مع البول
- Acetazolamide
- Brinzolamide
- Dorzolmide
- Therapeutic uses
- treat chronic open-angle glaucoma
- aqueous humor has high [HCO3-]
- acute mountain sickness
- treatment metabolic alkalosis
- epilepsy
- mostly used in combination
- side effects
- increase HCO3-excretion causes metabolic acidosis
- drowsiness
- K+wasting
- nephrolithiasis(renal stone)
- CNS depression
- paresthesia (تنمل)
- fatigue
- Osmotic Diuretics(site2)
- directly renal blocker mechanism: -not reabsorbed -increase Na+ and H2O excretionتسحب ماء اكثر
- Mannitol
- -non-toxic, freely filtered, non-reabsorbable and non-metabolized -acute renal failure secondary to trauma, CVS disease, surgery or nephrotoxic drugs -short-term treatment of acute glaucoma infused to lower intracranial pressure.
- increased extracellular fluid volume
- cardiac failure
- plumonary edema
- hypernatremia
- hyperkalemis
- headache
- nausea
- vomiting
- Glycerol
- Isosorbide
- Urea
- Loop Diuretics (site3)
- inhibit 25% of glomerular filtrate
- Furosemide
- Bumetanide
- Torsemide
- Ethacrynic acid
- Therapeutic uses
- edema
- cardic renal failure or nephrosis
- acute &chronic hyperkalemia
- side effects
- ototoxicity
- hyponatremia
- Mg2+ depletion
- Thiazide Diuretics(site4)
- -inhibit Na+and Cl- transporter in distal convoluted tubule. -increased Na+ Cl- excretion. -increased HCO3 excrestion. -increased K+ /Mg2+ excretion. -decrease Ca2+ excretion.
- Indapamide
- HCTZ,HCT,HZT
- Chlorothiazide
- Chlorthalidone
- Metolazone, Clopamide, Benzthiazide, Xipamide
- Therapeutic uses
- osteoporosis
- cause decrease urine Ca excretion -> hypercalcemia
- hypercalciuria
- prevent excess Ca2+ excretion to form stones in ducts
- nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- treatment of Li+ toxicity
- osteoporosis
- side effects
- hyperglycemia
- inhibition of insulin release due to K+ depletion
- hyperurecaemia
- sudden cardic death
- hyperlipidemia
- rise to total LDL level -risk of stroke.
- hypokalaemia
- muscle pain and fatigue
- hyperglycemia
- Potassium Sparing Diuretics(site5)
- Aldosterons Antagonis
- spironolactone
- side effects
- gynecomastia
- side effects
- canrenone
- eplerenone
- Therapeutic uses
- primary hyeraldosteronsim
- cirrhosis
- spironolactone
- Direct Acting
- pteridines
- triamterene
- megaloblastic anemia
- triamterene
- pyrazinoylguanidines
- amiloride
- increase in blood urea nitrogen
- amiloride
- pteridines
- Aldosterons Antagonis
- Sympatholytic drugs
- a1-blockers
- doxazosin(Caradura)
- prazosin(Minipress)
- terazosin(hytrin)
- Phentolamine (non selective)
- side effects
- tachycardia
- GI stimulation
- hypoglycemia
- patients with gastric &peptic ulce(X)
- PATIENTS WITH RENAL impairments
- side effects
- Phentolamine (non selective)
- terazosin(hytrin)
- prazosin(Minipress)
- LABETALOL(MIXED)
- doxazosin(Caradura)
- beta blockers
- a2-adrenoceptor agonists
- a1-blockers
anti-anginal drugs
anti-arrhythmis drugs
- عدم انتظام دقات القلب
cardiotonic drugs
- treatment of congestive heart failure
- قصور القلب التاجي
- treatment of congestive heart failure