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Why was Hitler able to become
Chancellor in 1933?
- In October 1929, 2 significant
events had a dramatic effect: On 3
October, Gustav Stresemann died;
Germany had lost one of its most
able politicians. Then on 29
October, the Wall Street Crash
began in the USA.
- As a result of the dramatic fall in share
prices, many American businesses went
bankrupt, American banks called in the
loans made to Germany. Without them, the
German industry couldn't operate. Millions of
workers lost their jobs too.
- During the time of 1930-33,
Hitler exploited the government's
problems by holding huge rallies
& touring Germany, promising to
restore the country's economy.
- The socialist elements of the party's
programme were forgotten as Hitler
tried to win support from the German
middle classes & industrialists. From
1930-32 The Nazis began to win more
seats in the elections.
- In 1932 Bruning was replaced as chancellor as
von Papen, who was overthrown by von
Schleicher. Von Paper plotted revenge & in 1933
persuaded Hindenburg to replace von Schleicher
with Adolf Hitler.
- He thought that support for
the Nazis was now in
decline & Hitler could be
manipulated into doing
what he wanted (but this
was not going to work).
Hitler became chancellor
on 30 january 1933.
- Reasons for Nazi support:
The party was
anti-communist. So it
appealed to those who
feared communism &
particularly Industrialists,
who feared communism
would take over their
businesses. Dropping
socialist elements won Hitler
industrialist support.
- The Nazi promise to reverse the T.O.V &
restore Germany's military strength appealed
to nationalists & to those who believed the 'stab
in the back' theory about the end of war. This
won the support of Germany's armed forces.
- The promise of unemployment
obviously appealed to the millions
who were out of work or feared
losing their jobs (due to the
Depression).
- Many women were attracted to the party by its
emphasis on family life & self-discipline
(reinforced by heavy propaganda).
- Hitler's anti-Jewish campaign was effective. People were
looking for someone ot blame & Hitler told them to blame the
Weimar Republic, the communists & mostly the Jews for
their difficulties ( Hitler's scapegoat).
- Hitler was a skilled public speaker & his colleague Joseph
Goebbels, made effective use of propaganda. Those who
spoke against the Nazis were persuaded not to, by a
Stormtrooper visit.
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