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Primary lines of Defence
- Skin
- Impermeable to most pathogens
- Some can penetrate
- Viruses that create warts
- Viruses that create warts
- Some can penetrate
- 'Flora' of harmless bacteria
- Live on healthy skin
- Live on healthy skin
- Most pathogenic bacteria cannot survive in skin
- Lactic + fatty acids secreted by sweat glands
- pH is too low for them
- pH is too low for them
- Lactic + fatty acids secreted by sweat glands
- Damaged skin is an entrance for harmful bacteria
- Underlying tissue
- Blood clotting seals wounds quickly
- Underlying tissue
- Impermeable to most pathogens
- Vagina
- Bacterium keep pH low by secreting lactic acid
- These bacteria can be killed by using antibiotics
- pH of vagina rises, allowing other microorganisms to multiply more
- pH of vagina rises, allowing other microorganisms to multiply more
- These bacteria can be killed by using antibiotics
- Bacterium keep pH low by secreting lactic acid
- Eyes + Mouth
- Bathed in fluids which have bactericidal action
- Lysozyme
- Saliva + Tears
- Enzyme that destroys/damages many bacteria
- Saliva + Tears
- Lysozyme
- Bathed in fluids which have bactericidal action
- Semen
- Spermine
- Spermine
- Breast milk
- Lactoperoxidase
- Lactoperoxidase
- Stomach
- Hydrochloric acid
- Destroys/damages bacteria ingested in food
- Destroys/damages bacteria ingested in food
- Hydrochloric acid
- Mucus
- Protects digestive and respiratory tracts from infection
- Barrier
- Bacteria cannot make contact with epithelial cells lining walls of tubes
- Bacteria cannot make contact with epithelial cells lining walls of tubes
- Traps bacteria and other particles
- Barrier
- Produced by goblet cells
- Protects digestive and respiratory tracts from infection
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