Mind map

Taxi driver

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Taxi driver

Anatomy
- Regions of vertebral column
  - cervical
    - C1---C7
  - Thoracic
    - T1---T12
  - Lumbar
    - L1---L5
  - Sacral
    - Five Fused
  - coccyx
    - 2--5
- vertebral curvatures
  - Primary curvature
    - concave forward
  - Secondary curvatures
  - curvatures in adult vertebral column
- Vertebrae
  - General characteristics of vertebrae
  - Cervical
    - Typical
    - Atypical
      - C1-Atlas
      - C2-Axis
      - C7
- Joints
  - Zygapophyseal
  - Atlanto Occipital
  - Atlanto Axial
- Ligaments
- Sciatic nerve
  - Compression
    - Sciatica
- Muscles of the back
  - Superficial
  - Deep
  - Intermediate
Lower back pain
- Risks
  - Aging
  - Genetics
  - Occupation
  - Sedentary Life style
  - Excess Weight
  - Pregnancy
- Alleviating Factors
  - Thermal
  - Posture
  - medium-firm matress
  - Yoga
  - Acupuncture
  - Manual Manipulation
- Aggravating Factors
  - Poor posture
  - Smoking
  - Mattress
  - Heavy Lifting
  - Sport Injuries
- Radiating pain
  - nerve or nerve roots are under pressure
- Referred Pain
  - feeling pain in part of the body that is remote from the tissue causing the pain
- Noncompliance
  - Dua to
    - financial issues
sciatica
- pain in lower extremity from irritation of sciatic nerve
- pain is from low back to behind the thigh
  - radiate
    - below the knee
- Diagnosis
  - Full medical history
  - Physical and neurological examinations
  - Imaging tests
    - X-ray
    - CT
    - EMG
- Symptoms
  - Weakness or numbness
  - shooting pain in one leg
  - Lower back pain
  - pins-and-needles
  - Constant pain in only one side of the buttock or leg
- Management and Treatment
  - Rest
  - Surgery
  - Physiotherapy
  - Epidural steroid injection
  - traction therapy
  - spinal manipulation
  - Surgery
- Pharmacology
  - Skeletal muscle relaxants
  - Corticosteroids
    - Mechanism of action
      - Steroid interacts with its receptor within the cell
        The receptor losses the HSP and become free
        Enters the nucleus and binds to the GRP
        regulation of gene transcription
    - Effect
      - Metabolic
      - Catabolic
      - anti-inflammatory
      - immunomodulatory
    - Uses
      - Adrenal insufficiency
      - Adrenal hyperplasia
      - Cushing syndrome
      - Aldosteronism
      - Lung maturation