Weather and Climate Change

Weather and Climate Change

1. Weather

   • Hot air rises
     • Low Pressure
   • Cold air rises
     • High Pressure
   • The Coriolis effect
     • spinning of earth, starts hurricanes
   • Hurricanes
     • Sea Surface Temp 27C+
     • Sea at warmest
       • Summer
       • Autumn
     • 5-15 degrees North/South of equator
     • USA
     • Caribbean
     • Measured by Saffir-Simpson scale
       • Measures just damage and wind speed
     • Storm surge
       • A slow surge rising of sea
     • Typhoon Haiyan
       • November 2013
         • 5m high storm surge
           • 6,300 people killed, most drowned
       • PhiliPPenes
         • Tacloban
           • Destroyed 90% of Tacloban City
       • Category 5
         • Up to 170mph wind
   • UK weather hazards
     • Thunderstorms
       • Flash Floods
       • Torrential rain
       • Deaths from lightening
     • Prolonged rain
       • River Floods
     • Drought & Extreme Heat
       • Rivers dry up
       • dangerous to frail & elder people
       • Reservoirs dangerously low
     • Heavy Snow & Extreme Cold
       • Causes great hardships to people
     • strong winds
       • Disruptions to power supplies & damage from fallen trees

2. Climate Change

   • Long Term
     • Last 400,00 years earth naturally had ice ages and interglaciers
     • Ice Cores
       • Shows changes to the earths atmosphere
   • Short Term
     • arctic sea ice reduced since 1979
     • Glaciers
       • Almost all glaciers are retreating
   • Natural Causes
     • Orbital Change
       • Long Term
         • 100,00 years causes Ice Ages
       • Believed to be affecting
         • Timings
         • Seasons of the Earths Climate
     • Solar Activity
       • Sunspot Cycle - 11 years
       • Caused the little Ice Age
       • Max
         • Large explosions, seen as flares
       • Min
         • Lower temp, reduced output
     • Volcanic Activity
       • Volcanic ash block out sun
   • Mitigation
     • To reduce the severity of something
     • Maldieves - new sea deffences
       • Japans paid 95% of Male 3m high sea wall
       • New Island "Hope" created
     • Alternate energy sources
       • Renewable resources
       • Moving away from fossil fuels
         • 1/3 UK's energy comes from fossil fuels
     • Carbon Capture
       • Storing CO2 under ground
       • China
         • 80% of energy from coal
     • Planting Trees
       • Trees are "carbon Sinks"
     • International Agreement
       • Countries must act together
         • 2005
           • Cut CO2
           • Australia
           • USA not signed
         • 2009
           • Copenhagen 2012+
           • Reduce emissions
             • Not legally binding
         • 2015
           • Paris
           • 195 countries agreed to cut CO2

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