Acute kidney injury

Acute kidney injury

1. Autoregulation of the kidney

   • High blood pressure
     • High renal flow (high renal artery pressure)
       • High GFR
         • High tubular flow (No reabsorption of Na)
           • High NaCl (High solute load)
             • Macula densa (Very sensitiive to Na in DCT)
               • Secretes PRODUCTS
                 • Afferent arteriole constriction
                 • Efferent arteriole dilation
   • Myogenic hypothesis
     • Stretching of vessels due to increased pressure cause vasoconstriction which keeps the RBF constant.

2. Presentation

   • Insomnia
     • Oliguria
       • Nausea and vomiting
         • Hyperventilation
           • Shock
             • Causes
               • Burns
                 • Infections
                   • Vomiting
                     • Spinal injury
                       • Hemorrhage
             • Types
               • Septic
                 • Anaphylactic
                   • Cardiogenic
                     • Hypovolemic
                       • Splenic injury
                         • Causes
                           • Penetrating trauma
                             • Indirect trauma
                               • Blunt trauma
                                 • Infections
                           • Management
                             • Operation
                       • Fluids
                         • Blood transfusion
                     • Heart transplant
                       • Catheter
                   • H2 blockers
                     • Steroids
                 • Antibiotics

3. Causes in the picture

4. Complications

   • Fluid buildup
     • Kidney damage
       • Chest pain
         • Muscle pain
           • Death

5. Manage,ment

   • Dialysis
     • Diuretics
       • Life style changes
         • Statins
           • ACE inhibitors
             • Restore Ca and K levels
               • Fluid resustication
         • Healthy diet
         • Exersice

6. Cause

   • Acute tubular necrosis
     • Signs and symptoms
       • High BUN
         • Brown granular casts
           • High urine osmolarity
     • Nephrotoxic
       • May be toxin mediated
       • Extensive continous necrosis
       • Intact basement membrane
     • Ischemic
       • Patchy tubular epithelialnecrosis
       • Rupture of the basement membrane
     • Injury and necrosis of tubular epithelial cells

7. Can lead to:

   • Acid-base disturbance
     • Important Questions to ask!
       • What is the osis? (Alkalosis or Acidosis)
       • What is the cause of the osis?
       • Was there compensation?

8. What are the functions that can be impaired? (Picture)

Images and files in the map