Iron deficiency anemia

Iron deficiency anemia

1. causes

   • increased iron requirements
     • blood loss
       • gastrointestinal tract
         • genitointestinal tract
           • blood donation
             • worm infestation
   • inadequate iron supply
     • malnutrition
       • impaired iron absorption
         • gastric surgery
           • intestinal malabsorption
             • celiac disease

2. is the most common type of anemia, most common cause of microcytic anemia

3. occurs when the diatry intake or absorption of iron in insuffocoent

4. classifications of anemia

   • etiology
     • dyserythropoiesis
       • deficiency: iron. b12 and folate
         • non deficiency: aplastic. ACD
     • hemorrhagic
       • acute
         • chronic
     • hemolytic
       • rbc abnormalities
         • sickle cell anemia
           • thalasemia
       • G6PD
       • heredetary spherocytosis
   • morphology
     • normocytic, normochromic
     • macrocytic
     • microcytic, hypochronic

5. epidemiology

   • a big problem and is worldwide
     • 3% of toddlers age 1-2 years, 2-5% of women of child bearing age

6. pathogenesis

   • decrease iron stores
     • decrease HB synthesis
       • elayed maturation of erythroblasts
         • decreased cytopolasm, more division (microcytes)
           • decrease hb content (hypochromia)
       • hemoglobin
         • function is to carry oxygen
           • synthesis
             • proporphyrin
               • 4x prophoilinogen
                 • Fe2 +
                   • equals heme
         • types
           • embryonic
             • gower 1, portland, gower 2
           • fetus: hbf
             • after birth: HBF, HBA ,HBA2

7. management

   • iron supplements that are given in many doses and are in the ferrous form, can be given orally or by injection
     • side effects: nausea, gastric discomfort, diarrhea, toxicity mainly for children and they are usually given deteroxome

8. investigation

   • iron studies
   • other
     • RBC
       • PCV
         • MCV
           • RDW
             • 19.7%
           • 68FL
         • -0.34
       • 4.60 X1012/L

9. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

   • SIGNs
     • tachycardia, cardiac failure
       • pallor
         • glossitis, angular somatitis
           • koilonychia (spoon shaped nails)
   • SYMPTOMS
     • lethargy
       • headache, palpitations
         • muscle weakness

10. demo

    • 65 year old female, greek. is a vegetarian for 3 years, lost 8 kg in 6 months, has an abdominal discomfort. constipation.

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