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132097
B5a - Skeletons
Description
gcse Biology Mind Map on B5a - Skeletons, created by k m on 06/13/2013.
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biology
biology
gcse
Mind Map by
k m
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
k m
over 11 years ago
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Resource summary
B5a - Skeletons
Types of skeleton
Internal Skeleton
provides framework and shape
grows with the body
attaches to muscles easily
has joints for flexibility
Humans
made from bone and cartilage
Sharks
made only of cartilage
External Skeleton
heavy
inflexible
made from chitin
must shed skeleton to grow
insects
No Skeleton
worms
jellyfish
Long Bones
have a hollow shaft
contains bone marrow and blood vessels
weigh less than other bones
stronger than other bones
head covered in cartilage
lubricate movement against other bones
Growing Bones
ossification
cartilage replaced by calcium and phosphorus salts
bones in a foetus are made from cartilage
makes the bones hard
the proportion of cartilage to bone can be used as a measure of growth
Broken Bones
simple fracture
clean break
greenstick fractures
does not break completely
compound fractures
broken bone breaks through muscle and skin
Joints
fixed joints
plates fused together
skull
ball and socket joints
allow rotation
hip and shoulder
Hinge joints
bend in one direction
knee and elbow
The Arm
made from several bones and muscles
humerus, radius, ulna
biceps, triceps
antagonistic muscles
to bend the arm
biceps contracts, pulling on radius
triceps relaxes
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