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Modern Virtue Ethics
- Elizabeth Anscombe
- 1| 1958 'Modern Moral Philosophy',
she critizied deontology.
- Rejected Kant, Utilitarianism
and Meta-ethics.
- Rejected Kant, Utilitarianism
and Meta-ethics.
- Virtue ethics provides stronger
foundation for reasoning about morality.
- 2| Questioned " What
do right and wrong
mean without a
lawgiver?"
- Suggested
answer - idea of
Eudaimonia,
human
flourishing which
does not depend
on God.
- Suggested
answer - idea of
Eudaimonia,
human
flourishing which
does not depend
on God.
- 3| Believed all other
theories relied on
punishment/reward
by a divine law giver.
Therefore they
cannot provide moral
guide lines for moral
life.
- Agreed with Aristotle that
Eudaimonia focuses on good
and on the person rather
than act or outcome.
- Agreed with Aristotle that
Eudaimonia focuses on good
and on the person rather
than act or outcome.
- Kantanian ethic does not depend
on God however is act-based and
ignores individuals.
- Act based ethics does not make sense
because they focus on autonomous actions
which neglects community morality.
- Act based ethics does not make sense
because they focus on autonomous actions
which neglects community morality.
- 1| 1958 'Modern Moral Philosophy',
she critizied deontology.
- Philippa Foot 1920-
- Modernised Aristotle's Virtue Ethics. '
Virtues and Vices'
- 1| She recognised ; importance of the
person's own reasoning in practice of virtue.
- 2| Claims that virtues benefit the
individual by leading to flourishing and
correcting tendencies that we naturally
have towards vices e.g. self interest,
- 3| Stresses that virtuous people do more
than conform to the conventions of society.
- 3| Stresses that virtuous people do more
than conform to the conventions of society.
- Virtues are ' correctives'
- 2| Claims that virtues benefit the
individual by leading to flourishing and
correcting tendencies that we naturally
have towards vices e.g. self interest,
- 1| She recognised ; importance of the
person's own reasoning in practice of virtue.
- Emphasised that virtues are only virtues as long as they are used in correct ways.
e.g. a man who has courage to rob a bank cannot be seen virtuous.
- Modernised Aristotle's Virtue Ethics. '
Virtues and Vices'
- Alasdair MacIntyre
- " After Virtue " 1981
- Morality has suffered a catastrophe.
- People do not think there are any oral truths.
- People do not think there are any oral truths.
- Age of enlightenment which influenced Utiliarianism and Kant, has lost
the sight of the idea of morality and people achieving their true telos.
- Greek writings that showed great
heroes e.g. Achilles show vision of
morality - you are what you do.
- Human identity should be based on
his actions(actions of vice or virtue)
- Heroic society, courage
is a measure of the
quality of an individual-
essential to a household.
- Heroic society, courage
is a measure of the
quality of an individual-
essential to a household.
- Human identity should be based on
his actions(actions of vice or virtue)
- Wants to restore the
idea of morality in terms
of human purpose.
- We cannot go back to greek virtues but we should be virtuous for the community.
- We cannot go back to greek virtues but we should be virtuous for the community.
- " After Virtue " 1981
- Richard Taylor 1919-2003
- Against religion on morality.
Humans should flourish and
achieve eduaimonia.
- BUT religious teachings undermine this.
- Bible quote " Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth"
- If the meek does nothing, how is that moral?
Christianity emphasises equality however does
not encourage people to strive.
- If the meek does nothing, how is that moral?
Christianity emphasises equality however does
not encourage people to strive.
- Bible quote " Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth"
- BUT religious teachings undermine this.
- Against religion on morality.
Humans should flourish and
achieve eduaimonia.
- Feminism
- Bernardette Baier - men often think morally
in terms of justice and autonomy
- Seen as Masculine traits.
- Seen as Masculine traits.
- Women think caring, self sacrifice.
- Bernardette Baier - men often think morally
in terms of justice and autonomy
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