Type I Diabetes Mellitus

Treatment
1. Patient Education
  1. Exercise
  2. Self-monitor blood glucose
  3. Balanced diet
  4. Awareness of S/S
2. Drug therapy
  1. Insulin pump
  2. Insulin injections
Nursing Management
1. Assessment
  1. Obtain health history
  2. Assess poor healing
  3. Patient's thirst & hunger
    1. Blood glucose monitoring
  4. Assess patient weight
2. Planning
  1. Modify sedentary lifestyle
  2. Modify patient diet
3. Intervention
  1. Medication administration according to MAR
    1. Inform MD of medication admin changes based on patient status
  2. Inform MD of dietary changes if needed based on patient status
  3. Ensure patient exercise
4. Evaluation
  1. Record capillary blood glucose (CPG)
  2. Verify patient's understanding
Contributing Factors
1. Social
2. Environmental
  1. Sedentary lifestyle
  2. Poor diet
Pathophysiology
1. Signs & Symptoms
  1. Polyuria
  2. Polydipsia
  3. Changes in vision
  4. Polyphagia
2. Diagnosis
  1. >10 years until symptoms manifest
  2. Presence of hyperglycemia can remain asymptomatic until DKA occurs in childhood or adolesecence
  3. Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test
    1. Inaccuracy Factors
      1. Pregnancy
      2. Uncommon form of hemoglobin
    2. Random blood sugar tests
      1. Fasting blood sugar test
3. Complications
  1. Nephropathy
    1. Leading to renal failure
  2. Retinopathy
    1. Blurred vision or vision loss
  3. Peripheral Neuropathy
    1. Foot ulcers
    2. Amputations
4. Chronic multisystem disease
  1. Cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas
  2. Insulin-dependent diabetes
    1. Occurs in <40 years of age
      1. More common in children

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Type I Diabetes Mellitus

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	Created by Brigitte Kadiata about 6 years ago