Chemistry

Annotations:

• i.e. salt in the sea (sodium chloride)

Annotations:

• i.e. water

Annotations:

• i.e. the sea, salt + water 2 elements mixed together but not chemically bonded

1. solutions can be separated easily, compounds cannot since they are 2 elements chemically bonded together

1. heating up
2. stirring
3. using a substance with smaller particles

1. simple distillation - evaporate the solvent (i.e. water) and condensate it, you are left with your solute and solvent.

1. Properties
   1. shiny
   2. ductile
   3. malleable
   4. sonorous
   5. good conductor of heat/electricity
   6. solid
   7. (magnetic)
   8. hard
   9. heavy
2. Reactivity and Displacement
   1. Reactivity - a measure of how quickly a substance will react
      1. Reactivity series

         Annotations:

         • - Metals in order of reactivity
         1. sodium
            1. calcium
               1. magnesium
                  1. aluminium
                     1. zinc
                        1. iron
                           1. tin
                              1. lead
                                 1. copper
                                    1. silver
                                       1. gold
                                          1. platinum
   2. Displacement reaction - a reaction in which a substance displaces and sets another substance free from a compound
      1. i.e. iron + copper sulphate --- copper + iron sulphate

1. Metals found naturally on the ground are called native metals. They are pure elements, i.e. platinum, gold
2. Ores - Rocks that contain metals as a mixture of compounds, need to be broken down to extract the metal.
   1. Have to be mined and collected, then decomposed to release the metal. The metals can only be extracted by:
      1. heat alone
         1. heat with carbon
            1. electrolysis