ESTERS

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Simple notes for revision for topic esters
Nur fatihah
Mind Map by Nur fatihah, updated more than 1 year ago
Nur fatihah
Created by Nur fatihah almost 6 years ago
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ESTERS
  1. Definition
    1. non-hydrocarbon organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
    2. General formula
      1. CmH2m + 1COOCnH2n where m = 0, 1, 2, 3 n = 1, 2, 3
      2. Functional group
        1. Preparation of ester in laboratory (estrification)
          1. Esters are produced when carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid as a catalyst
            1. The concentrated sulphuric acid acts as
              1. 1-a drying agent to absorb the water that is produced a 2-as catalyst
              2. The reactant mixture needs to be heated under reflux.
                1. General chemical equation for estrification
                  1. CnH2n+1COOH + CmH2m+1OH –> CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1 + H2O
                2. Properties of esters
                  1. Low boiling point
                    1. Fragrant smell (fruity smell)
                      1. Insoluble in water
                        1. Volatile ( substance that vaporizes readily )
                          1. Colourless liquid
                            1. Less dense than water
                              1. Soluble in organic solvents
                              2. Natural sources
                                1. Found naturally in plants
                                  1. Jasmine-benzyl ethanoate
                                    1. Pear-propyl ethanoate
                                      1. Kiwi-methyl benzoate
                                    2. Uses in daily life
                                      1. Food flavourings-cakes,ice cream
                                        1. Make cosmetics-perfumes
                                          1. As fragrance-soaps,detergents
                                            1. Make medicines-asthma,leprosy
                                            2. Preparing of Propyl Ethanoate (ester) in Laboratory
                                              1. Propyl ethanoate, CH3COOC2H5 can be prepared in the laboratory by heating a mixture of propanoic acid and ethanol, with concentrated sulphuric acid under reflux.
                                                1. mixture is heated under reflux to prevent the alcohol and propyl ethanoate to evaporate and escape to the surrounding.
                                                  1. mixture is heated in a water bath: to maintain temperature so that the temperature is not too high, to ensure uniform heating
                                                  2. Naming esters
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