How protocols are used?

How protocols are used?

1. Communications

   • TCP/IP
     • Transmission Control Protocol. TCP is responsible for checking that data has been delivered correctly from your computer (the client) to another computer (the server). If data is lost, then TCP requests that the data is re-sent.
   • UDP ( User Datagram Protocol)
     • UDP is often used in video conferencing and real-time computer games. This is because dropping or losing the occassional datagram will not adversely affect a video conference.

2. Application Layer Protocol

   • HTTP
     • Hypertext transfer Protocol. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web.
   • HTTPS
     • It is an extension of (HTTP) for secure communication over a computer network, and is widely used on the Internet.
   • FTP
     • The File Transfer Protocol is a standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network
   • SMTP
     • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, a protocol for sending e-mail messages between servers.
   • POP3
     • used by e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a server in an Internet Protocol network.
   • IMAP
     • nternet Message Access Protocol is an Internet standard protocol used by email clients to retrieve email messages from a mail server over a TCP/IP connection
   • SIP
     • The Session Initiation Protocol is a communications protocol for signaling and controlling multimedia communication sessions in applications

3. Communication protocols

   • Wireless
     • 802.11ac
       • It is the next step after 802.11n which is currently is the most popular Wi-fi standard
     • 802.11b
       • 802.11b, is an amendment to the IEEE 802.11 wireless networking specification that extends throughput up to 11 Mbit/s using the same 2.4GHz band
     • 802.11g
       • is an amendment to the IEEE 802.11 specification that extended throughput to up to 54 Mbit/s
   • Copper cabling
     • Ethernet
       • Ethernet is a link layer protocol in the TCP/IP stack, describing how networked devices can format data for transmission to other network devices on the same network segment, and how to put that data out on the network connection
     • Gigabit Ethernet
       • is a term describing various technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of a gigabit per second
     • Fast ethernet
       • Fast Ethernet is a collective term for a number of Ethernet standards that carry traffic at the nominal rate of 100 Mbit/s
   • Broadband
     • ADSL
       • is a type of digital subscriber line (DSL) technology, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voiceband modem can provide
     • VDSL (Fibre to the Cabinet)
       • Very-high-bit-rate digital subscriber line (VDSL)[1] and very-high-bit-rate digital subscriber line 2 (VDSL2)[2] are digital subscriber line (DSL)
     • DOCSIS3 (Cable)
       • Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS /ˈdɒksɪs/) is an international telecommunications standard that permits the addition of high-bandwidth data transfer to an existing cable TV (CATV) system
   • 'Retired' Protocols
     • Dial- up
       • Dial-up Internet access is a form of Internet access that uses the facilities of the public switched telephone network to establish a connection to an Internet service provider by dialing a telephone number on a conventional telephone line.
     • ISDN
       • Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network.
     • Bitstream
       • A Bitstream is binary bits of information (1's and 0's) that can be transferred from one device to another. Bitstreams are used in PC, networking, and audio applications.

4. Protocols for different uses

   • Email
     • POP3
       • Post office Protocol. It is used by e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a server in an Internet Protocol network.
     • IMAP
       • nternet Message Access Protocol is an Internet standard protocol used by email clients to retrieve email messages from a mail server over a TCP/IP connection
     • SMTP
       • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, a protocol for sending e-mail messages between servers.
   • Web browsing
     • HTTP
       • Hypertext transfer Protocol. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web.
     • HTML
       • HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. It was developed especially to create web pages.
   • Voice/ Video calls
     • SIP
       • The Session Initiation Protocol is a communications protocol for signaling and controlling multimedia communication sessions in applications
     • Skype
       • have a spoken conversation with (someone) over the Internet using the software application Skype, typically also viewing by webcam.
     • RTP
       • The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is a network protocol for delivering audio and video over IP networks.
   • Secure payment systems
     • TLS
       • Transport Layer Security (TLS) – and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), which is now deprecated by the Internet Engineering Task Force[1] (IETF) – are cryptographic protocols that provide communications security over a computer network
     • SSL
       • Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) was the most widely deployed cryptographic protocol to provide security over internet communications
     • HTTPS
       • It is an extension of (HTTP) for secure communication over a computer network, and is widely used on the Internet.