146677
Excretion - Kidney failure
- Kidney failure
- Can be caused by kidney infections:
inflammation of the kidneys which can
damage cell. This interferes with filtering in
the renal capsules or with reabsorption in
other parts
- High blood pressure can cause the
glomerulus to be under even more
pressure so larger molecules would
pass through such as proteins
- High blood pressure can cause the
glomerulus to be under even more
pressure so larger molecules would
pass through such as proteins
- Waste products that would be
normally removed, build up in the
body. Causes weight loss and
vomiting
- Fluid starts to accumulate in
tissues as the kidneys cannot
removed excess water. Causes
swelling
- The balance of ions becomes
unbalanced. Blood may
become too acidic, or lead to
brittle bones.
- Long term kidney failure
can cause anaemia
which can lead to death
- Fluid starts to accumulate in
tissues as the kidneys cannot
removed excess water. Causes
swelling
- Can be caused by kidney infections:
inflammation of the kidneys which can
damage cell. This interferes with filtering in
the renal capsules or with reabsorption in
other parts
- Renal dialysis
- Patients blood is passed through a
dialysis machine - the blood flows on
one side of a partially permeable
membrane and dialysis fluid flows on
the other
- Waste products and
excess water and ions
diffuse across the
membrane into the
dialysis fluid.
- Waste products and
excess water and ions
diffuse across the
membrane into the
dialysis fluid.
- Patients can feel unwell as
waste products and fluid
build up
- Each session takes up
3-5 hours, 2-3 sessions a
week. It is expensive and
inconvenient
- Less risky than transplant
- Haemodialysis: heparin (anti blood clotting)
is used, dialysis fluid has the perfect
amounts of substances
- Peritoneal dialysis: has more freedom
but has a catheter inserted in the
abdomen. The wall (peritoneum) acts as
the natural dialysis barrier.
- Peritoneal dialysis: has more freedom
but has a catheter inserted in the
abdomen. The wall (peritoneum) acts as
the natural dialysis barrier.
- Patients blood is passed through a
dialysis machine - the blood flows on
one side of a partially permeable
membrane and dialysis fluid flows on
the other
- Transplant
- Has to be from the same
blood and tissue type.
- Its cheaper, more
convenient and the
patients feel well.
- The operation is risky.
- The immune system may reject
the transplant so the patient has
to take immunosuppressant
drugs
- Has to be from the same
blood and tissue type.
- Testing for pregancy
- Pregnancy test detect the hormone
'human chorionic gonadotropin' that's
only found in pregnant women
- It has antibodies, so if there is that
hormone then it will bind to the
antibody and turn blue
- It has antibodies, so if there is that
hormone then it will bind to the
antibody and turn blue
- Pregnancy test detect the hormone
'human chorionic gonadotropin' that's
only found in pregnant women
- Testing for steriods
- Use gas chromatography to determine
the steroid which is travelling at the
same speed at the control
- Use gas chromatography to determine
the steroid which is travelling at the
same speed at the control
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