C1.1 Fundamentals In Chemistry

Elements
1. Only one type of atom.
2. Each has a different symbol.
  1. Atomic Number
    1. Equals Number of Protons
  2. Atomic Mass
    1. Equals Number of Protons and Neutrons
      1. Number of neutrons = Atomic Mass - Atomic Number
      2. So Bigger Number
Compounds
1. Two or more different types of atom chemically joined.
2. Chemical Formula
  1. Shows elements it is composed of and how many of each.
Atom
1. Nucleus
  1. Protons
    1. Positive Charge (+1)
    2. Relative Mass of 1
  2. Neutrons
    1. Neutral Charge (0)
    2. Relative Mass of 1
2. Shells
  1. Electrons
    1. Negative Charge (-1)
    2. Relative Mass of 1/2000
  2. Electronic Configuration
    1. 1st Shell = 2 Electrons Max
      1. 2nd Shell = 8 Electrons Max
        3rd Shell = 8 Electrons Max
        4th Shell = Any Extra
    2. Shells Fill From the Inside First
3. Particle with No Overall Charge
  1. Equal Numbers of Protons and Electrons
    1. Charges Cancel Out
Bonding
1. Covalent
  1. Sharing Electrons
  2. Non-Metal and Non-Metal
2. Ionic
  1. Metal and Non-Metal
  2. Ions
    1. Charged Particles
      1. Metals Give Electrons
        Positive Charge
      2. Non-Metals Take Electrons
        Negative Chage
Conservation of Mass
1. Atoms Can't Be Created or Destroyed.
  1. Mass At the start = Mass At the End
  2. Balanced Equations
Periodic Table
1. Periods
  1. Horizontal Rows
  2. Period Number = Number of Shells
2. Groups
  1. Vertical Columns
  2. Group Number = Number of Outer Shell Electrons
  3. Group 1 (Alkali Metals)
    1. One Outer Shell Electon
      1. Very Reactive
        Metal + Oxygen = Metal Oxide
        Metal + Water = Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
        More Reactive Down The Group
  4. Group 0 (Noble Gases)
    1. Full Outer Shell
      1. Unable to Make Bonds
        Unreactive

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C1.1 Fundamentals In Chemistry

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	Created by Mr Francis over 9 years ago