15312133
Description
Mind Map by rania khalil, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by rania khalil
over 5 years ago
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Brain Trauma
- Anatomy of the brain stem
- Physiology of the brain stem and consciousness
- Consciousness refers to different levels of awareness of
one’s thoughts and feelings
- SLEEP
- REM sleep, a
stage of sleep
characterized by
rapid eye
movements, a
high level of
brain activity, a
deep relaxation
of the muscles
and dreaming
- NREM sleep. This stands for
non-rapid eye movement and is
the other type of sleep.
- REM sleep, a
stage of sleep
characterized by
rapid eye
movements, a
high level of
brain activity, a
deep relaxation
of the muscles
and dreaming
- Consciousness refers to different levels of awareness of
one’s thoughts and feelings
- Blood Supply
- Types of traumatic brain injury
- Clinical Presentation and radiology
- Glasgow Coma Scale
- practical method to assess the impairment in the level
of conscious in response to specific stimuli
- It classifies traumatic brain injury (TBI) into:
- Severe
(3-8)
- Moderate (9-13
- Mild
(14-15
- Severe
(3-8)
- It classifies traumatic brain injury (TBI) into:
- practical method to assess the impairment in the level
of conscious in response to specific stimuli
- Cushing Reflex
- occurs in response to increase in
the intracranial pressure.
- It is a triad of hypertension,
bradycardia, and irregular
breathing (Apnea)
- indicates that brain herniation
and death is imminent, so it is an
emergency situation
- indicates that brain herniation
and death is imminent, so it is an
emergency situation
- It is a triad of hypertension,
bradycardia, and irregular
breathing (Apnea)
- occurs in response to increase in
the intracranial pressure.
- Managements
- Pharmacology
- General
- Check the ABC’s. if necessary, begin rescue
breathing and CPR
- Stop any bleeding by firmly pressing a clean cloth on the wound. If
blood soaks the cloth, place another cloth over it (don’t remove).
- adequate airway, breathing and circulation during the initial period of
resuscitation and evaluation
- maintenance of balance between CDO2 (cerebral oxygen delivery ) and
CMRO2 (cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen=cerebral oxygen consumption
- maintenance of balance between CDO2 (cerebral oxygen delivery ) and
CMRO2 (cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen=cerebral oxygen consumption
- adequate airway, breathing and circulation during the initial period of
resuscitation and evaluation
- Stop any bleeding by firmly pressing a clean cloth on the wound. If
blood soaks the cloth, place another cloth over it (don’t remove).
- Check the ABC’s. if necessary, begin rescue
breathing and CPR
- Surgery
- INDICATIONS A sudden
(acute) subdural hematoma
An ongoing (chronic)
subdural hematoma
Certain kinds of brain
cancer Buildup of pus
around the meninges
Hydrocephalus
- Complications Bleeding
Infection Blood clots
Brain injury Another
surgery required
- Complications Bleeding
Infection Blood clots
Brain injury Another
surgery required
- INDICATIONS A sudden
(acute) subdural hematoma
An ongoing (chronic)
subdural hematoma
Certain kinds of brain
cancer Buildup of pus
around the meninges
Hydrocephalus
- Pharmacology
- Glasgow Coma Scale
- Complications
- Contusion
- -Localized injury
- -Macroscopic
- Changes in cognition such as
alterations in personality, or
reductions in intelligence.
- Difficulty understanding
speech. Memory challenges
- Difficulty understanding
speech. Memory challenges
- Changes in cognition such as
alterations in personality, or
reductions in intelligence.
- -Macroscopic
- Contusion: Seizures Increased
ICP Cerebral herniation Loss
of memory Infections—if
followed by a skull fracture
- -Localized injury
- Concussion
- -Widespread injury
- -Microscopic
- Changes in behavior, attention, or
memory. An intense headache,
feeling of fullness, or pressure in
the head. Loss of consciousness.
- Sleepiness, confusion,
Dizziness. Ringing in your ears.
- Sleepiness, confusion,
Dizziness. Ringing in your ears.
- Changes in behavior, attention, or
memory. An intense headache,
feeling of fullness, or pressure in
the head. Loss of consciousness.
- -Microscopic
- Concussion: Epilepsy
Post-concussion Syndrome
Second-impact Syndrome
Post-traumatic headaches and vertigo
- -Widespread injury
- Clinical Presentation and radiology
- Types of traumatic brain injury
- Physiology of the brain stem and consciousness
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