1550209
Description
Mind Map by izzykersley01, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by izzykersley01
over 10 years ago
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Biology - Risk of
Cardiovascular Disease 1
- Risk?
- 'The probability of occurrence of
some unwanted event or outcome'
- Example calculation of risk: 19,429 UK
people died of an injury/poisoning in 2005.
Total population at the time was 60,209,408,
so we can calculate this as an average risk
- 19,429 in 60,209,408... OR 1 in 60,209,408÷19,429
--> =1 in 3099 --> =1÷3099 --> =0.00032 OR 0.032%
- 19,429 in 60,209,408... OR 1 in 60,209,408÷19,429
--> =1 in 3099 --> =1÷3099 --> =0.00032 OR 0.032%
- 'The probability of occurrence of
some unwanted event or outcome'
- Factors that Increase the Risk
of Cardiovascular Disease
- Lifestyle
- DIET - high in saturated fat increases blood
cholesterol level, which increases atheroma
formation. High salt levels increase blood pressure
- HIGH BLOOD PRESURE - increased
risk of damage to artery walls
- Other causes include excessive alcohol consumption, stress and diet
- Other causes include excessive alcohol consumption, stress and diet
- SMOKING - carbon monoxide combines with HAEMOGLOBIN in
the blood, reducing the amount of oxygen being transported
- NICOTINE makes platelets more
sticky so blot clots can form easily
- Amount of ANTIOXIDANTS (help protect cells) in
the blood decreases - increased risk of CVD
- NICOTINE makes platelets more
sticky so blot clots can form easily
- INACTIVITY - lack of exercise
leads to high blood pressure
- DIET - high in saturated fat increases blood
cholesterol level, which increases atheroma
formation. High salt levels increase blood pressure
- Beyond Our Control
- GENETICS - some people inherit particular
alleles which make them more likely to have
high blood pressure or high cholesterol levels
- AGE - increased age increases the risk of CVD
- GENDER - men are at greater risk
- GENETICS - some people inherit particular
alleles which make them more likely to have
high blood pressure or high cholesterol levels
- Lifestyle
- High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
- Measure of the hydrostatic force of
the blood against blood vessel walls
- A SPHYGMOMANOMETER measures blood
pressure - for a healthy average person the
reading should be 100-140mmHg for SYSTOLIC
pressure and 60-90mmHg for DIASTOLIC pressure
- What determines
your blood pressure?
- Contact between blood and vessel
walls causes FRICTION and effects the
flow of blood - PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE
- ARTERIOLES and CAPILLARIES have
greater total SURFACE AREAS -->
more friction --> more resistance -->
slower blood flow --> lower pressure
- ARTERIOLES and CAPILLARIES have
greater total SURFACE AREAS -->
more friction --> more resistance -->
slower blood flow --> lower pressure
- If the walls of an artery/arteriole
contract, the vessel contracts,
increasing resistance
- If they relax, the lumen is
dilated, so the resistance falls
- If they relax, the lumen is
dilated, so the resistance falls
- OEDEMA - fluid building up in
tissues and causing swelling
- At the arterial end of a capillary, blood is under pressure. This forces fluid
through the capillary walls into the intercellular spaces, forming TISSUE FLUID
- The capillary walls prevent blood cells and larger
plasma proteins from passing through though
- High blood pressure means more of the
fluid is forced out of the capillaries
- The capillary walls prevent blood cells and larger
plasma proteins from passing through though
- At the arterial end of a capillary, blood is under pressure. This forces fluid
through the capillary walls into the intercellular spaces, forming TISSUE FLUID
- Contact between blood and vessel
walls causes FRICTION and effects the
flow of blood - PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE
- Measure of the hydrostatic force of
the blood against blood vessel walls
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