1551070
Description
Mind Map by elishamjones, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by elishamjones
over 9 years ago
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Benzene reactions
- Electrophilic substitution
- Nitration of Benzene
- Electrophile is NO₂⁺
- Made by protonation
of HNO₃ by conc H₂SO₄
- Heated to 50℃
- Makes [H₂NO₃]⁺
- Decomposes into
NO₂⁺ & H₂O
- Decomposes into
NO₂⁺ & H₂O
- H₂SO₄ remade when HSO₄⁻ join
H⁺ from the benzene ring
- Hence is a cataylst
- Hence is a cataylst
- Heated to 50℃
- Made by protonation
of HNO₃ by conc H₂SO₄
- Dyes
- Nitrobenzene reduced
to Phenylamine
Annotations:
- By the reduction of a NO₂ group to an NH₂ group using Fe in industry or Sn and strong HCl in a lab
- Phenylamine → Azo dye
Annotations:
- Phenylamine → Benzenediazonium chloride → Azo dye.
- Azo dye contains 2 benzene rings connected by N=N
- Nitrobenzene reduced
to Phenylamine
- Explosives
- Repeat nitration of
methylbenzene makes TNT
Annotations:
- TNT is 2,4,6 trinitromethylbenzene
- Repeat nitration of
methylbenzene makes TNT
- Electrophile is NO₂⁺
- Friedal-Crafts acylation
- Acyl Chloride + Benzene → Ketone
- Needs FeCl₂ or
AlCl₃ catalyst
- Lewis acids can accept a
lone pair of electrons
- Lone pair from Chloride
on Acyl Chloride
- Makes an acylium ion
- This is the electrophile
- This is the electrophile
- Makes an acylium ion
- Lone pair from Chloride
on Acyl Chloride
- Will be remade
- Lewis acids can accept a
lone pair of electrons
- Needs FeCl₂ or
AlCl₃ catalyst
- Acyl Chloride + Benzene → Ketone
- A hydrogen is swapped
for a functional group
- Benzene delocalised =
many electrons
- Attacked by electrophiles
- A species that seeks electrons
- A species that seeks electrons
- Attacked by electrophiles
- Conditions
- High temp
- Conc reagents
- Catalysts
- High temp
- Nitration of Benzene
- Cannot undergo addition of
electrophiles since Benzene is stable
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