Aisha

Aisha

1. demography

   • 59 years old, sob, edema, can't walk, orthopnea

2. she was diagnosed with congestive heart failure

   • risk factors
     • hypertension
     • diabetes & its medications
     • heart attack
     • viruses
     • alcohol use
   • investigations
     • lab
       • BNP
       • CBC
       • thyroid test
       • metabolic panel
     • non-lab
       • Echo
       • chest x-ray
         • cardiomegaly
         • pleural effusion
         • pulmonary venous redistribution
       • ECG
         • intraventricular conduction delay
         • PVC
       • physical exam
         • JVP elevated
         • enlarged apical pulse
         • peripheral edema
   • management
     • pharmacological
       • vasodilators
       • diuretics
       • Inotropics
       • B-blocker
       • ace inhibitor + ARBs
     • non-pharmacological
       • lifestyle changes
         • smoking cessation
         • lessen water intake
         • salt restriction
   • prognosis
     • depend on
       • response to medication
       • nature of underlying heart disease
       • organ's involvement
   • classification
     • right heart failure
       • signs
         • congestive hepatomegaly
         • impaired portal system drainage
         • kidney congestion
         • pitting edema, anasarca
         • third heart sounds
       • causes
         • left-sided HF
         • cor pulmonale
     • left heart failure
       • signs
         • dyspnea
         • orthopnea
         • PND
       • causes
         • ischemic heart disease
         • hypertension
         • valvular disease
         • myocardial disease
   • pathophysiology

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