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15946215
Pneumonia
Description
Healthcare / Medical Mind Map on Pneumonia, created by Marvis Igiolu on 09/11/2018.
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healthcare / medical
Mind Map by
Marvis Igiolu
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Marvis Igiolu
over 5 years ago
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Resource summary
Pneumonia
Diagnostic Tests
Cultures and sensitivities
Chest x-ray essential for early diagnosis
Pulse Oximetry
(Copstead & Banasik.2013)
CBC, electrolyte levels BUN and creatinine
Causative Factors
Hospital acquired
Infectious organism
Bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas, fungi, rickettsiae, protozoa, and helminths
People
Equipment and supplies
(Lopez, Struckey & Mallory, 2016)
Invasive devices
Environment
Noninfectious agents
Inflammation in the interstitial spaces, the alveoli and often the bronchioles
By surviving lung defenses including inflammation, Organisms penetrate airway mucosa and multiply in alveolar spaces
WBCs migrate to infection causing a capillary leak, edema and exudate
Fluids collect in and around alveoli and the walls thicken reducing gas exchange
The capillary leak spreads infection to other areas of the lung and if the organisms move into the bloodstream sepsis results
(Lewis, Heitkemper, Dirksen,& Bücher.2012)
Fibrin and edema of inflammation stiffen lung reducing vital capacity
Alveolar collapse further reducing gas exchange to blood causing hypoxemia
Park, & Kim 2015
Aspiration of fluid, food, and vomitus
GERD
Inhalation of toxic gases, chemicals, smoke
Community acquired
Signs and Symptoms
Flushed cheeks, bright eyes, anxious expression
(Merai, Siegel, Rakotz, Busch, Wright, Wong & Thorpe 2016)
Myalgia, headache, chills, fevers, cough, and sputum
Pain or discomfort in chest or pleura
Tachycardia, dyspnea, tachypnea
Crackles are heard when assessing breathing
Hypoxemia
Arterial oxygen less than 80 mm Hg
Pathophysiology
Fluid in the lungs
Treatments
Fluid and oxygen management
Pulm. Toilet
Nasal & Oral Suctioning
Doyle-Cox, Brousseau, Tullouch, Mielniczuk, Davies, Sherrard, & Clark, 2016
Pain control
Anti-infective drugs
Maintain patent airway
Cough &deep breathe every 2hrs
Bronchodilators help when bronchospasm or wheezing is present
Albuterol
(Copstead & Banasik.2013)
Health promotion education for caregivers
Hand Washing
Risk Factors
Older adult
(Lewis, Heitkemper, Dirksen,& Bücher.2012)
Exposure to viral or influenza infections
Mechanical ventilation
Adenovirus
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