brickwork, mortar & walls

brickwork, mortar & walls

1. brick

   • a block material used in buildings/ elem. const.
     • stacked together using mortar to hold it t/gether and make perm. struct.
   • brick- made from clay, lime and sand,conc & shaped stone
   • clay brick- dried earth, clay & dried in elec ovens
   • trad. bricks- dried in klin

2. brickwork

   • to enclose area
     • ex- supp floors & roof, divide floor area of building
   • is a weight bearing building unit
   • laid in hori courses either dry or w/ mortar
   • frrstanding wall
     • strip foundation- conc. thickness as req
     • buiders sq- cek right angled corner
     • spirit lvl- ensure wall, hori-str8, verti-upright
     • line pins & building line-line scretched btwn line pins stuck in mortar at each end, guide for lvling course
     • damp proof course- waterproof membrane built into mortar course abv gd lvl
     • stepped end- end bricks of 3rd & 4th courses built up in steps before each comp course is laid
     • gauge rod- check each course correct height
     • profile board- to scretch stringlines for marking edges of strip fdation
   • bricklaying tools
     • trowels
     • rakers
     • string line
     • clamps
     • chisels
   • purpose
     • close area of building
     • divide floor area
     • protect inmates from climates
     • give privacy

3. mortar

   • workable paste used to bind cons. block together & fill gaps btwn them
     • jadi hard when sets, jadi rigid agg struct.
       • to fix, point or re-point masonry (stonework) when ori mortar crumble
   • mortar mix
     • modern- 1 cement/ 3 sand + water
       • (cement mortar) made of sand + cement+ water
     • traditional
       • historic scot- cement 1/16, 1 lime putty, 3 sand, 1/16 brick dust
       • 3/4 lime putty, 1 NHL5 2 sand
       • city of edinburgh coucil- 1 NHL5, 1 lime putty, 3 sand
       • (lime mortar)- dry sharp sand+ lime+ lime putty+ brick dust+ water

4. walls

   • factors (4)
     • strength & stability
       • low gravity ensures stability
       • depends on foundation
     • durability
       • high quality material
       • freedom of maintenance
     • insulation
       • heat- avoid loss or gain
       • fire- depends on sz of room, ppl shud hv enough time to escape from fire
       • sound- sound travels tru air, the heavier the wall cons, better the sound ins.
     • protection against weather
   • common, types, prof
     • load bearing walls
       • support floors or roofs
       • main walls of buildings
     • non-bearing walls
       • tak support floors or roofs
       • to divide area
     • brick masonary walls
       • main or partn of building
     • stone masonary walls
       • main or partn of building
     • reinforced brick masonary (stonework) wall
       • thin partiton walls
     • reinforced concrete walls
       • for retaining walls
     • pre-cast hollow concrete
       • stronger than brick/stone walls
     • composite masonry walls
       • for front walls (aest)
       • const by dif materials
   • common wall, types + usage
     • partition walls
       • divide floor area
       • thin cross sect
       • non load bearing wall (nlb)
       • mats- bricks, concrete, woods, metal, plaster, glass, fibre boards, asbetos cement
     • hollow walls
       • thickness cons in 2 parts parallel, cont air space
       • prevent dampness
   • superstuct elem
     • solid brick walls
       • brick sz- 337.5mm(l) x 225 (w) x 112.5 (h)
       • laid in dif pattern/ bond
       • made of clay + lime
       • hv many, strength, types, txtures, colour
       • bonding on argm of bricks in wall, column
       • purpose of bonding
         • for max strngth
         • lateral stabilty
         • aest
         • brick bonding
           • eng bond
             • laying alt sisi + kpl bata
             • more facing bricks
             • strongest
           • flemish bond
             • sis + kpl bata lay alt
             • aest OVERLOAD
             • weak bih
     • solid block wall
       • >brick sz
       • from pre cast conc
       • for ext walls
     • cavity walls
       • good insu of therm + weather
       • 2 leaves r tied tgther with wall ties
     • parapet walls
       • low wall proj abv lvl of a roof, bridge, balc- to form guard, barrier @ edge
     • curtain walling
       • ringan, nlb
       • @ low rise- timber/ patent glazing
       • @ high rise- steel/ al alloy
     • retaing walls
       • earth retaining struct

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