Section 4- Energy Resources and Energy Transfer

Sankey Diagrams
1. Energy Input = Energy Output
Heat Transfer
1. Heat always goes from HOT to COLD
2. Conductors + Insulators
3. Conduction
  1. Heat vibrations= amplitude
  2. Metals have free electrons that can travel down the particle line and collide with others further along which speeds up the process- hence metals being good conductors.
4. Convection
  1. Low energy, more dense, sinking, slower, further from heat source
  2. High energy, less dense, rising, faster, closer to source
5. Radiation
  1. Wave- Infra-red radiation
    1. All objects above absolute zero emit and absorb infrared radiation.
      1. An object hotter than its surroundings emits more radiation than it absorbs (as it cools down).
      2. An object cooler than its surroundings absorbs more radiation than it emits (as it warms up).
      3. Good reflector, poor absorber and emitter
      4. best absorber and emitter
Insulation
1. Preventing heat transfer and stopping heat escaping.
2. Draught proof strips under door
3. Prevents convection + conduction
4. Vacuum Flask
  1. Silver inside- prevents radiation
  2. Screw cap- prevents convection and evaporation
  3. Vacuum- no air inside prevents conduction and convection
  4. Poorly conducting material- prevents conduction
Work and Power
1. Work done (J) = Energy transferred (J)
2. Work done (J) = Force (N) x Distance (m)
3. Power (W) = Work done (J) / Time (s)
4. Power (W) = Current (A) x Voltage (V)
Gravitational Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy
1. Work done (J) = Energy transferred (J)
2. GPE = Mass (Kg) x Gravitational field strength (N/Kg) x Height (m)
  1. GPE = mgh
  2. Therefore, m = GPE / (g x h)
3. Kinetic energy (J) = 1/2 x Mass (Kg) x Velocity2 (m/s)
4. Law of conservation of energy = Ek max = Ep max
  1. Ek= Kinetic energy Ep= GPE
Generating Electricity
1. Fossil fuels
  1. Non-renewable + pollutes environment
  2. Quick + easy method
  3. Chemical
    1. Heat
      1. Kinetic
        Electrical
  4. Things that affect national grid electricity demand= time of day+year
2. Nuclear Reactor
  1. Atoms of uranium or plutonium do nuclear fission. Releases lots of heat energy. Heat turns water into steam which turns a turbine attached to a generator, generating electricity.
  2. Nuclear
    1. Heat
      1. Kinetic
        Electrical
  3. A neutron is fired at a uranium nucleus to make it split. This creates heat energy. It's products are more neutrons and daughter nuclei.
  4. Renewable and efficient but creates nuclear waste which is buried and dangerous. Radioactivity contamination is a risk and they only last a certain number of years then have to be taken down.
Renewable Energy
1. Wind Turbines
  1. Kinetic
    1. Kinetic
      1. Electric
2. Hydroelectric Power
  1. GPE
    1. Kinetic
      1. Kinetic
        Electrical
3. Tidal + Wave
  1. Kinetic
    1. Kinetic
      1. Electrical
4. Solar Cells
  1. Light
    1. Electrical
5. Solar Panels
6. Geothermal
7. Carbon Capture
8. Carbon neutral

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Section 4- Energy Resources and Energy Transfer

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	Created by beccalaw7 over 11 years ago