Re-urbansiation and Gentrification

Re-urbansiation and Gentrification

1. Physical

   • infastructure
     • public transport is improved, roads, and other previous infrastructure is improve, for example schools
       • road, tube and other forms of public transport where redeveloped by coin street
   • retrofitting
     • old building and house are refitted and restored and updated , and then rented or sold to local people
       • Redwood owns 78 flats – the majority with one or two bedrooms, a few with three on the top floors of Oxo Tower Wharf. The flats were finished in 1995. The occasional vacancies that do arise are usually smaller flats as Redwood has to re-house existing tenants whose families have grown.
   • brown field sites
     • abandon factories are developed and old twee blocks are demolished and replaced
       • The Doon Street site [adjacent to the National Theatre] has remained largely derelict for over 50 years. Now a partnership between Coin Street Community Builders, GLL and Rambert is planning a mixed development to transform the public realm and secure and sustain community facilities and programmes on a long term basis.
   • LTGDC had put in place the programs, partnerships, projects and sites to deliver10,500 new homes

2. Social

   • new social services
     • support for new house owners, family support for working parents, increase in the access of physical activity access to improve the health and life style of people, access to doctors & dentist etc.
       • The Colombo Centre is a local social enterprise and charity governed by Coin Street Centre Trust. The centre, in SE1, provides high quality health, recreation and leisure facilities at an affordable price to residents and employees in the boroughs of Lambeth and Southwark.
       • The Coin Street neighbourhood centre on Stamford Street provides families in the area with access to the best possible community facilities and services. Designed by Haworth Tompkins Architects, the Coin Street neighbourhood centre forms the fourth side of Iroko Housing Co-operative (also designed by Haworth Tompkins). This superb new building forms part of CSCB’s strategy to provide childcare, learning, enterprise support and leisure opportunities affordable to all members of the community.
   • jobs
     • the increase in jobs decrease the amount of people relying on social benefits. the changes the attitudes of the people in the areas as they are proud of there earnings which can make the area more pleasant to live in.
   • standard of living
     • due to the retrofitting of old apartments the is an increase in people standards of living, this increase. also these new house or flats are made available to the local population with out increasing the prices. therefore not excluding them and forcing them out of the market.
   • education
     • the improvement of school allow an increased amount of people to find work or move onto further education, this can derase the amount of anti sisal behaviour among young people.

3. Economic

   • new shops
     • due to the development of the areas, and the building of new business areas shops move back into the area. they can range from nationwide brands to independently owned business
       • Gabriel’s Wharf is a highly popular riverside destination with local workers, residents and visitors alike. Originally old garages now with shop-fronts added, the units make excellent retail design studios. The restaurants and cafes, some overlooking the river, offer local employees a chance to escape from their offices. The blank wall of the London Studios was painted to provide an imaginative backdrop. The opening of Gabriel’s Wharf in 1988 brought commercial and public life to an area that had long been derelict and signalled the ‘rebirth’ of the South Bank. It also allowed Coin Street Community Builders to demonstrate to funders and prospective tenants that uses proposed for the more ambitious Oxo Tower Wharf development were viable. The design shops at Gabriel’s Wharf are exclusively run by small businesses who design and manufacture their own products, the majority of products for sale will have been made by the person selling it to you.
   • new services
     • new services perviously are imported into the area, for example banking or other finical services that where not previously in the area
   • jobs
     • due to the development of the area, there is an increase in jobs for the coal population, this will post the amount of people claim social benefits, allowing more money to be invested back in to the area
       • LTGDC had put in place the programs, partnerships, projects and sites to deliver 5000 new jobs
   • torrisum
     • by increasing the attractiveness of an areas and increasing the range of activities for tourist will increase the amount of income being grentated and brought into the local economy
       • between 1984 and 1988 CSCB organised the demolition of derelict buildings, the completion of the South Bank riverwalk (between the National Theatre and Sea Containers House) and the laying out of a new riverside park, Bernie Spain Gardens. This opened up spectacular views of the Thames, St Paul’s Cathedral and the city. This stretch of the riverwalk attracts visitors from all over the world and is also a valuable resource enjoyed by all who live or work in the area. It is also used as a venue during the annual Coin Street Festival and The Mayor’s Thames Festival.

4. Environmental

   • development of brown field sites
   • cleaning of environment
     • pollution is cleared, old industries are removed
   • infrastructure
     • new schools
     • new roads
       • less congestion
     • new energy types
       • green energy
         • solar
       • gas
     • medical
     • finacial

5. Political

   • local
     • port for local government, the increase in the economy allows more investment from the local government in local matters,
   • national
     • revenue lead to more money being invested in other derelict ares.
   • indviduals
     • due to the increase people develop a grater understanding of politics and as they earn money though the new jobs they take a grater interest in how there taxes are used and in future developments in the local area.

6. short-term

   • forced evictions, people are made to move from areas due to construction, increase in national debt due to loans for building.

7. long term

   • increase in people in employment, income, future development, economy, infrastructure, it is a continues process as business invest, more and more will do so

8. Background

   • The rise of the motorcar and the cheapness of land at the edge of the city led to a rise in out of town shopping centres from the 1960's to 1980's. Shopping centres such as Meadowhall in Sheffield, Lakeside in Essex and the Metro Centre Gateshead all developed and posed a threat to city centre shopping. At the same time, a lack of investment in the CBD (central Business District) led to the dereliction of some buildings and a general decline in the shopping environment. In addition, city centres suffered from crowding, poor air quality, a crime ridden image and poor parking availability. There was genuine concern that many CBDs would not survive and that we would experience the urban doughnut effect.

9. Gentrification is defined as the process by which wealthier (mostly middle-income) people move into, renovate, and restore housing and sometimes businesses in inner cities or other deteriorated areas formerly home to poorer people.

10. re-urbanisation is the movement of people back in to urban areas that have become derelict

11. park hill

    • Park Hill was previously the site of back-to-back housing, a mixture of 2–3-storey tenement buildings, waste ground, quarries and steep alleyways. Facilities were poor, with one standpipe supporting up to 100 people. It was colloquially known as "Little Chicago" in the 1930s, due to the incidence of violent crime there. Clearance of the area began during the 1930s but was halted due to World War II.
      • Jack Lynn and Ivor Smith began work in 1945 designing the Park Hill Flats. Inspired by Le Corbusier's Unité d'Habitation and the Smithsons' unbuilt schemes, most notably for Golden Lane in London, the deck access scheme was viewed as revolutionary at the time. The style is known as brutalism. Construction is of an exposed concrete frame with yellow, orange and red brick curtain walling. However, as a result of weathering and soot-staining from passing trains, few people realise this and assume the building to be constructed entirely from concrete.
        • A part-privatisation scheme by the developer Urban Splash in partnership with English Heritage to turn the flats into upmarket apartments, business units and social housing is now underway.[7] Two blocks (including the North Block, the tallest part of the buildings) have been cleared, leaving only their concrete shell. The renovation was one of the six shortlisted projects for the 2013 RIBA Stirling Prize.
          • even now it is considered a eye sore and nick named 'street in the sky'