English Lit and Lang terminology

English Lit and Lang terminology

1. NOUNS

   • Common Noun- a naming word for a thing that is tangible
     • book, chair, man, penguin, murderer etc...
   • Abstract noun- a naming word for an idea, concept or belief
     • love, tidiness, politics etc
   • Proper noun- a naming word for a specific example of a COMMON noun
     • Eiffel Tower, Christina, Burnely

2. VERBS

   • Dynamic verb- a word that represents a physical action
     • jump, run, kill, stop, kiss etc
   • Stative verb- a word that represents a process that happens mentaly
     • think, loves, believe, to fear
   • AUXILIARY verb- a verb that has to be used with another verb, in order to create present or future tense
     • DID you go? I AM going
   • Modal verb- an auxiliary verb that shows a degree of posibility
     • might , could, must may should

3. PRONOUNS

   • First person pronoun - "I"
     • First person PLURAL- WE, OUR, US
   • Second person pronoun- "you"
   • Third person pronoun- him, her, he, she, it.
     • Third person PLURAL- THEM, THOSE
   • *POSSESSIVE pronoun (1st, 2nd, 3rd)- my, mine, hers, his, ours, yours, and theirs
   • *DEMONSTRATIVE pronoun- this, that, those

4. SENTENCE MOOD/TYPE

   • IIMPERATIVE sentence mood/type- when a sentence uses a command.
   • DECLARATIVE sentence mood/type- when a sentence is making a statement.
   • EXCLAMATORY sentence mood/type- when a sentence conveys a strong sense of emotion, sense of alarm or overly strong emphasis.

5. ADJECTIVE - a describing word

   • SUPERLATIVE - an adjective that displays the most extreme value of its quality ually end in 'est'
     • most, biggest, smallest, worst, furthest, quietest.
   • COMPARATIVE- an adjective that relates one thing in some way to another usually end in 'er'
     • bigger, smaller,further,farther etc

6. ADVERB- a describing word that modifies all types of words

   • time adverbials

7. DEFINITE article "the"

   • INDEFINITE article- "a" or "an"

8. MONOSYLLABIC Lexis- words of one syllable

   • POLYSYLLABIC Lexis- words of two+ syllables

9. REGISTER - the level of formality of a text

10. TENOR- the tone, or the relationship between author and reader, and how its created

11. COLLOQUIALISM- informal language usage

12. EXCLAMATION- one word with an exclamation mark (!)

13. ELLIPSIS- (...) significant pause

14. SYNTAX- the way words form sentences ( the ordering of them to create meaning

15. PARENTHESIS- an aside within a text by sectioning off extra info between brackets dashes or between commas

16. HYPOPHORIA- when a rhetorical question is immediately followed by an answer in a text

    • is this the best film? you bet it is!

17. LITOTES- Deliberately understatement of things or effects

18. PARALLELISM/PATTERNING- the creations of patterns in a text through a repetition of words or phrases(phonological parallelism) or by balancing meanings (semantic parallelism) for a deliberate effect

19. TRICOLON/TRIPLING- a repetition in groups of threes (adds sense of momentum)

20. PRE-MODIFICATION - When a descriptive word comes before the thing they are desccribing

    • POST-MODIFICATION- when the descriptive word comes after the thing they are describing

21. SYNECHDOCHE- a figure of speech that is made to represent the whole vice versa

    • a new set of wheel or behind bars
    • EXTENDED METAPHOR- when a metaphor continues throughout a text, with continuous reference to compared item.
      • HOMEIC/EPIC SIMILE- a Metaphor that is also treated a s simile

22. ALLUSION- refering to something metaphoriclally

23. FIELD SPECIFIC LEXIS- a LANGUAGE OF A CERTAIN AREA FSL for computer = mouse, monitor, gigabyte etc

24. SEMANTICS- the meaning of words

25. SYNONYM- an alternative word choice.

    • synonym for horror= fright

26. HOMOPHONE- WORDS THAT SOUND EXACTLY THE SAME NEW KNEW NO KNOW

    • NEW KNEW, NO KNOW, THEIR THEIR THEY'RE
    • HOMONYM- WORD WITH VARIOUS MEANINGS COOL , GREAT, HEAVY

27. COLLOCATIONS - words that naturally go together (fish&chips)

28. PHONOLOGICAL FEATURES -any feauture that relates to sound REPETITION/ ALLITERATION/CONSONACE

29. EXPOSITION- writer gets across info about the situation of the charecter

30. PROTAGONIST - MIN CHARACTER THE READER IS MEANT TO IDENTIFY WITH THE MOST

    • ANTAGONIST- THE ONE THAT OPPOSES THE PROTAGONIST

31. ANTHROPOMORPHISM- ANIMAL TAKES ROLE OF A HUMAN BEING (WEARING CLOTHES SPEAKING A LANGUAGE ETC

32. NEOLOGISM- A NEWLY INVENTED WORD

33. EUPHEMISM- THE POLITE WAY OF SAYING SOMETHING INAPPROPREIATE

    • DYSPHEMISM- extreme way of saying something