C1: Carbon Chemistry

C1: Carbon Chemistry

1. C1a: Making Crude Oil Useful

   • Fossil fuels are finite reasources and are non renewable
     • Finite reasources are no longer being made or being made extremely slowly
     • Non renewable reasources are being used up faster than they are being made
   • Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons
     • All the readily extractable reasources will be used up in the future
     • Finding Replacements
     • Conflict between petrochemicals and fuels
   • Environmental problems involved in the transport of crude oils
     • Damage to Bird feathers causing death
     • Use of detergents to clean up oil spills and consequent damage to wild life
   • Political problems associated with crude oil
     • UK dependant on oil and gas from politically unstable countries
     • Future supply issues
   • Cracking - help match supply to demand
   • Fractional Disstillation
     • 1. Crude oil is heated
       • 2. Use of fractioning column which has a temperature gradient
         • 3. Fractions containing mixtures of hydrocarbons obtained
           • 4. fractions contain many substances with similar boiling points
             • 5. Fractions with low boiling points exit form the top, high boiling points leave from the bottom
   • In a hydrocarbon molecule there are:
     • Strong covalent bonds between atoms
     • Weak intermolecular forces
   • Intermolecular forces between longer hydrocarbons are stronger than shorter
   • Intermolecular forces can break but covalent bonds don't
   • Cracking is a process that converts large alkane molecules into smaller alkene and alkane molecules
   • Makes useful alkene molecules into polymers

2. C1b:

3. C1c:

4. C1d:

5. C1e:

6. C1f:

7. C1g:

8. C1h:

Images and files in the map