nucleophillic substitution

Description

aqa as level chemistry unit 2
Pia Ricioppo
Mind Map by Pia Ricioppo, updated more than 1 year ago
Pia Ricioppo
Created by Pia Ricioppo over 9 years ago
21
1

Resource summary

nucleophillic substitution
  1. theory
    1. as halogens have a greater electronegativity than crabon the c-halogen bond becomes POLAR so on one end its delta positive (electron defiencent) and on the other its delta negative (electron rich)
    2. nucleophiles
      1. they are electron pair donors (want to give away the electrons)
        1. possess atleast one lone pair of electrons
          1. doesnt have to possess a negative charge
            1. attracted to slightly postive carbons.
            2. key examples
              1. hydroxide ion;
                1. produces alchols
                  1. the reagent is aqueous sodium (potassium) hydroxide
                    1. conditions reflux.
                    2. cynaide
                      1. the reagent is aqueous potassium or sodium cynaide
                        1. the condition is refulx aq.
                          1. the product is a nitrile
                          2. ammonia
                            1. the reagent is aqueous ammonia
                              1. the conditions are aq (sealed tube)
                            2. defonitions
                              1. nucleophile; an electron pair donor
                                1. substitution; replacement of halogen with carbon
                                  1. hydrolysis; splitting up a molecule using water.
                                  2. key points;
                                    1. nucleophiles have a one pair of electrons
                                      1. carbons restricted to 8 electrons in outershell the bond must be disremoved or broke if more are bonded.
                                        1. c-halogen bond breaks heterolytically
                                          1. second curly arrow shows shared pair of electrons moving onto halogen
                                          2. the carbon halogen bond polar.
                                            1. the curly arrows drawn from from lone pair to carbon
                                              1. halogen has its own electrons aswell as carbon electrons and becomes a charged hallide.
                                            Show full summary Hide full summary

                                            Similar

                                            The Chemistry of the Haloalkanes
                                            Bee Brittain
                                            Romeo and Juliet: Act by Act
                                            PatrickNoonan
                                            Tectonic Hazards flashcards
                                            katiehumphrey
                                            Essay Writing: My Essay Plan
                                            Andrea Leyden
                                            History of Psychology
                                            mia.rigby
                                            A Christmas Carol Quotes
                                            0serenityrose0
                                            French Grammar- Irregular Verbs
                                            thornamelia
                                            Macbeth Notes
                                            Bella Ffion Martin
                                            AQA GCSE Biology B1- Quiz
                                            Ethan Beadling
                                            B1.1.1 Diet and Exercise Flash Cards
                                            Tom.Snow
                                            Cuadro sinóptico de la función de la planeación
                                            Elliot Anderson