LANGUAGE FUNDAMENTALS

LANGUAGE FUNDAMENTALS

1. Java utilizes UNICODE

   • Unicode is a character set attempting to include all characters in the world into a single set
     • 16 bits / 16,000 characters
     • UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-32
   • Allows user to write comments, identifiers, and strings in other languages
   • Uses ASCII for other input elements

2. SEPARATORS

   • PRIMITIVES
     • 2 non-numerical types: char and boolean

3. VARIABLES

   • Act as data placeholders
   • Every variable has a declared type (reference or primitive), name, and identifier
   • Identifier - an unlimited length sequence of characters, can not be a keyword, boolean literal, or null literal
   • KEYWORDS

4. Sun's Naming Convention = lowercase first letter, any successor is capital

5. CONSTANTS

   • Uses the keyword "final"
   • Format is all uppercase separated by underscores
   • Cannot be changed

6. LITERALS

   • Source code representation of a value
   • 3 types: primitive, string, null
     • primitive types: int, floating point, character, boolean
       • int literals - assign values to variables of types byte, short, int, and long
       • floating point - whole number part, decimal point, fractional point, optional exponent
         • two types: float (32 bits) and double (64 bits)
       • boolean - true/false
       • character - unicode character or an escape sequence enclosed in quotes
         • escape sequence - cannot be entered using keyboard or has special form

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