Congestive heart Failure

Etiology
1. Hypertension
2. Myocardial infarction
3. Coronary heart disease
4. Age & Gender
5. Family History
6. Diabetes & Obesity
Classification
1. High & low ejection fraction
2. Systolic & Diastolic
3. Acute and chronic
Diagnosis
1. Physical Examination
2. History
Tests
1. Echocardiogram
2. Chest X-ray
3. Blood test
4. ECG
5. Cardiac Catheterization
Pathophysiology
1. Left sided heart failue
  1. Causes
    1. Ischemia
    2. Hypertension
    3. MI
    4. nsionhyperte
      1. Myocardial Infarction
        Ischemia
  2. effect
    1. Pulmonary congestion
      1. Decreased cardiac output
        hypoperfusion /Chest pain/dizziness
      2. Coughing/Edema/crackles
2. Right sided Heart Failure
  1. Causes
    1. Left sided HF
    2. Left to right shunts
    3. Chronic lung disease
  2. Effects
    1. Juglar Vein distention / Hepatosplenomegaly / liver cirrhosis / Pitting Edema
Management
1. non-Pharmacological
  1. Monitoring
    1. Sodium Intake
    2. Fluid Intake
  2. Excercise
2. Pharmacological
  1. Increase function of the heart
    1. Adrenergics
    2. Inotropics
    3. B-adrenergic blockers
  2. Decrease load on the heart
    1. Diuretics
    2. ACE-I
    3. ARBs
    4. Vasodilators
    5. Aldosterone Antagonist
Alterations
1. Chronic Kidney Disease
  1. Low GFR
    1. incresed levels of K+,Creatinine and Urea
      1. Alterations in NA+/water balanmce
  2. Pathophysiology
  3. Etiology
    1. Diabetes
      1. Hypertension
        Lupus
        Kidney injury
2. Pulmonary Edema
  1. pathophysiology
    1. excess water in lung
      1. dyspnia
        hypoxemia
        orthopnea
        increased work of breathing
  2. Etiology
    1. left sided heart failure
      1. ARDS
        inhalation of toxic gases

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Congestive heart Failure

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	Created by mohammed alshura about 9 years ago

	Copied by Gigi Fox almost 6 years ago