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AFRICA

1. Environment

   • Arid or tropical climate
   • Droughts 2011 Somalia, Kenya, Ethiopia
   • Ressources gold diamond cobalt - iron oil copper gas aluminium zinc - nickel tin
   • Climate change to -25% yield
   • Lack of regulations oil spills illegal waste overgrazing salinisation
   • Lake Chad -95% size in 50 yrs

2. Economic

   • Agriculture = 25% of GDP 70% of employment
     • Problem of land grabbing + trading for oil
     • govs convert ecosystems or farms into biofuel fields
       • Evict homeowners
   • IT revolutions
     • Leader in mobile payments
     • Ericsson: 2014 Mobile traffic +100%
       • Due to 20 fold by 2019
     • Arab Spring
   • Poverty
     • Under poverty line: 80% in Chad/Libya. 71% in DRC. 70% Nigeria + Sierra Leone
     • 40% in Sub-S no acces to water
     • HDI rarely more than 0,5
     • 50% roads in South Africa
   • Growth 10-11% in Niger
   • Relying on FMN, FDIs and South Africa

3. Social

   • Health
     • HDI 0,338 in Congo
     • Ebola = 6000+ dead
     • 70% people with AIDS in sub-s
     • Famines Horn of Africa
     • Life expectancy 56
   • Education
     • 63% literacy rate
     • brain drain
   • Human rights
     • 40% girls married before 18
     • LGBT rights
   • Demographic boom
     • Unevenly spread e.g Nil 80 million vs Deserts
     • 2009 = 1 billion
     • 5+ children per woman, 2+ Tunisia, 7+ Sub-S
       • +50% under 25
   • Urbanisation
     • 40% in towns
     • Cities becoming more atractive

4. Politics Lots of instability

   • Boko Haram in N/E Nigeria
   • Al Qaeda in Libya
   • Sahel region
   • Angola Zimbabwe Cameroon 30+ yr leaders
   • Tunisia elections = hope
   • Religion conflict e.g Sudan
     • Rwanda Genocide
   • Corruption rules