2413519
Description
Mind Map by Sophie McCammon, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by John Ditchburn
about 10 years ago
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Copied by Sophie McCammon
about 10 years ago
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Changing Urban Environments
- Global Urbanisation
- Pace of urbanisation
- Rich world
- 80% of the UK live
in urban areas
- 80% of the UK live
in urban areas
- Poor world
- Fastest urbanisation here
- 25% of
Bangladesh live in
urban areas
- Fastest urbanisation here
- Rich world
- Causes
- Rural-urban migration
- People move
from rural to
urban areas
- Rich
- Push factors
- Agricultures revolution
- machinery replaced
labour jobs
- Agricultures revolution
- machinery replaced
labour jobs
- Pull factors
- Redevelopment of
run-down areas - new
houses
- Redevelopment of
run-down areas - new
houses
- Push factors
- Poor
- Push factors
- Shortage of services
(education)
- Shortage of services
(education)
- Pull factors
- more jobs in
urban areas
- more jobs in
urban areas
- Push factors
- People move
from rural to
urban areas
- Rural-urban migration
- Pace of urbanisation
- Land use
- Functional
zones
- CBD - Central
Business District
- City centre
- City centre
- Inner city
- Corner shopd
- Corner shopd
- Outer city/
suburbs
- Shopping
parades (short
rows of shops)
- Shopping
parades (short
rows of shops)
- Rural-urban fringe
- Out-of-town shopping centre
- Out-of-town shopping centre
- Villages
- Village shops
- Village shops
- CBD - Central
Business District
- High order goods
(comparison goods)
- only bought occasionally
and are more expensive
- only bought occasionally
and are more expensive
- Low order goods
- bought frequently
and are quite cheap
- bought frequently
and are quite cheap
- Functional
zones
- Rich World Urban Issues
- 1. Housing
- Solutions
- Brownfield
Development
- Building on land which is not
used anymore. Stops green
space being used up
- Building on land which is not
used anymore. Stops green
space being used up
- Greenfield
Development
- Brownfield
Development
- Increasing
number of
households
needed
- Solutions
- 2. Inner city decline
- Urban Development
corporations
- LDDC
- LDDC
- City Challenge
- Regeneration
- Regeneration
- Sustainable
communities
- Urban Development
corporations
- 3. Traffic
- Park-and-ride schemes
- Congestion charge
- Pedestrianisation
- Bus priority lanes
- Park-and-ride schemes
- 4. CBD decline
- Converting old buildings
into housing blocks
- Pedestrianising
(stopping car access
- Improving access
- Improving public areas
- Converting old buildings
into housing blocks
- 5. Cultural mix
- Segregation
- Solutions
- Everyone can access info and
services (multi-language
leaflets)
- Improving
communication so leaders
of ethnicities make
decisions
- Providing interpreters
- Suitable services for
different cultures
- Everyone can access info and
services (multi-language
leaflets)
- Different ethnicities not mixing
- Reasons
- People prefer to live close to others with
same background/language
- People live near services that are important to
their culture
- People are restricted to where
they can live (lack of money)
- People prefer to live close to others with
same background/language
- Solutions
- Segregation
- 1. Housing
- Squatter Settlement Issues
- Living in sqatter settlements
- No basic services like running water,
sewers or electricity
- Many work within the settlements
- Informal sector - long hours, little
pay - cash in hand
- Informal sector - long hours, little
pay - cash in hand
- Life expectancy is lower
- Jobs aren't taxed/ monitored by the
government
- Strong
community
spirit
- No basic services like running water,
sewers or electricity
- Improvement strategies
- Self help schemes
- Government and local
people working together.
The government provide
the building materials and
the locals build houses
- Government and local
people working together.
The government provide
the building materials and
the locals build houses
- Site and service
- Locals pay rent for the site and can
borrow money from the government
for building materials and
improvements
- Locals pay rent for the site and can
borrow money from the government
for building materials and
improvements
- Local authority schemes
- Funded by the local and are about improving
temporary accomodation
- Funded by the local and are about improving
temporary accomodation
- Self help schemes
- Built illegally around a city - Rural -
urban migrants
- Living in sqatter settlements
- Problems of Rapid
Urbanisation - Poor World
- Problems
- Air pollution - burning fuels by
factories and cars
- Water pollution - pollutants from
cities onto rivers and streams
which can cause health problems
and harm wildlife
- Waste and pollution - damage health and
environment
- Air pollution - burning fuels by
factories and cars
- Solutions
- Waste
disposal/
recycling
- Air pollution limits
- Sewage treatment plants
and laws for factories to
remove pollutants
- Waste
disposal/
recycling
- Problems
- Sustainable Urban Living
- Features of sustainable cities
- Conserving historic &
natural environment
- Reducing &
disposing of
waste
- Adequate open spaces
- Involving local people
- Providing efficient transport
- Building on
brownfield
sites
- Building carbon neutral homes
- Schemes to reduce
waste and safely
dispose of it
- Conserving historic &
natural environment
- Features of sustainable cities
- Counter Urbanisation
- Happening in rich countries
- People move out of
cities into rural areas
- Push Factors
- Pollution in city
- high crime rate
- Houses are
expensive
- Pollution in city
- Pull factors
- Transport (private cars
- Work from home (IT)
- more jobs
- Transport (private cars
- Rural impacts
- house prices
increase
- Local shops
shut down
- decline in community spirit
- house prices
increase
- Urban impacts
- Inner city areas
become disused
and run down
- CBD businesses lose
cutermers and close
- Inner city areas
become disused
and run down
- Happening in rich countries
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