Critical Thinking AS (Section B)

Critical Thinking AS (Section B)

1. Credibility

   • CRAVEN
     • Context/Circumstantial evidence
     • Reputation
     • Ability to see or hear
     • Vested interest
     • Expertise
     • Neutrality
   • 3 marks
     • name a CRAVEN e.g. reputation
     • why would the factor affect the credibility
       • 'they would want a good repution to sell their products, this might make them more credible as they are unlikely to publish inaccurate documents.'
     • a title or web address from extract linked to the CRAVEN factor chosen
       • it is a global website suggesting it has respected status
       • e.g the national advisor should have accurate expertise

2. Analogies

   • an analogy is a comparison between 2 situaations
   • used to strengthen an argument.
   • the effectiveness on an analogy depends on the similaities and differences of the 2 situations, if the situations are too different, it may make the argument weaker.
   • when evaluating an analogy, look at the similarities and differences.
     • decide if the similarities outwiegh the differneces
     • decide how well the analogy supports the analogy.

3. key

   • term
     • how to answer question

4. Flaws

   • Tactical
     • where an arguer has deliberately exaggerated points to achieve a particular effect
       • hasty generalisations
       • sweeping generalisations
       • restricting options
   • Personal
     • rather than opposing the argument, the person targets the arguer. can indicate that the argument is strong
   • Logical
     • where there are probelms with the construction of the argument. e.g. one step does not lead to the other or there is confusion about the terms employed used in the argument