Family, Social Structure & Social Change

Functionalism - evolution of the family
1. Parsons(1950's)
  1. extended family was responsible for the production of food, shelter and clothing
  2. Home & workplace were one and the same thing
  3. Roles were ascribed not achieved
  4. Economic systems of pre-industrial societies were largely based on extended kinship
Defining the family
1. Murdock (1949)
  1. Nuclear family
    1. encourages fidelity (faithfulness)
    2. Small & compact
    3. 2 generation family
      1. Parents
      2. Children
    4. Heterosexual couple
    5. Sexual division of labour
Industrialisation - Functionalism
1. Parsons
  1. He argued that industrialisation meant that the economy demanded a more geographically mobile workforce
    1. Nuclear families formed
    2. Achievement became more important than ascription
  2. Home and workplace seperated
  3. Geographically mobile
    1. People became isolated from relatives
      1. Families were less reliant on kin for economic and social support
        Nuclear families became more independent
2. Sexual division of labour
  1. Female - expressive leader
    1. Emotional care
    2. Socialisation of children
  2. Male- instrumental leader
    1. Economic welfare
3. State took over the functions of education and welfare
4. Structural differentiation
  1. Families could buy supplies as they were mass produced in factories
    1. Families were less important as an agency of production
Marxist views
1. Marcuse (1964)
  1. Working-class families are encouraged to pursue 'false needs'
2. Nuclear family serves the needs of the ruling class
3. Nuclear family
  1. ideological apparatus
    1. transmitting ruling class ideas
Feminism
1. Marxist Feminist
  1. Margaret Benston (1972)
    1. Nuclear family is important to capitalism as it rears the future workforce
  2. Nuclear benefits capitalist society & therefore bourgeoisie at the expense of the working class
  3. Domestic labour exploits women
    1. Men benefit from this exploitation
2. Radical Feminist
  1. Industralisation
    1. Men
      1. Dominant paid work
      2. Breadwinner
    2. Women
      1. Excluded from paid work & redefined as 'mothers' and 'housewives'
  2. Meets the needs of men rather than the needs of all members of society

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Family, Social Structure & Social Change

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