260856
Description
Mind Map by Emma Pettersen, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Emma Pettersen
over 10 years ago
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Peacemaking, Peacekeeping-international relations (1918-36)
- World War I
- In 1908 Kaiser Wilhelm took power in Germany and began building up its Navy to challenge the British. In response to this threat the Triple entente formed; an alliance between France, Russia, and Britain. In response to this the German alliance formed between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. In 1914, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Serbia set off the war. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia and was joined in the fight by its allies, the Central Powers. In response, Russia backs Serbia and is backed by its allies, the Allied powers.Soon all of Europe was at war. Fighting continued for three years without US involvement, but Germany wanted to bring the US into the war. So in 1917 they began unrestricted submarine warfare which threatened US passenger and cargo ships. This followed by the Zimmerman telegraph, which revealed Germany's attempt to aid Mexico in war with the US, brought the US into the war until its end.
- Treaties that Ended the War
- The Paris Peace Conference was held after the war as a way to officially end World War I. Here the victors, the Allies, met with the Central powers to decide the terms of the end of the war. The most important treaty to come out of the conference wast the Treaty of Versailles, which was the treaty between the Allies and Germany. The treaty of Versaillesdid many things, it placed all of the blame for the war on Germany, forced them to pay reparations to the allied powers, limited their military, and had to give up all of their territories. US President Woodrow Wilson brought with him to the treaty his 14 Points in which he stated he wanted peace without victory, freedom of the seas, and new borders. He also wanted to create the League of Nations, a alliance of nations whose sole purpose would be to maintain peace in the world.
- The League of Nations
- The League of Nations was originally the brainchild of a US President, however neither the US, nor Russia, participated in the League. Without either nation, the League was lacking two of the world's largest powers and the countries that were int he league, Great Britain, and France, were so crippled from the war that they weren't really world powers at all. For this and other reasons the League of Nations faced serious problems with enforcing its goals of maintaining peace.
- Failures of the League of Nations
- Without the US, Russia, or Germany in the LON, the LON was lacking in power and unfortunately had more failures than successes. Its two main powers, Britain and France, also disagreed on the goals of the LON. Britain wanted to use concilatory methods to ease tensions while France was more interested in supressing any future German tension.
- Corfu: An Italian General and three others were murdered on the Island of Corfu in Greece. Italy wanted retribution for the murders but Greece did not help them. Italy invaded Greece and Greece appealed to the LON for help. The LON fined Greece so that Italy would leave but did not prevent the fighting.
- Corfu: An Italian General and three others were murdered on the Island of Corfu in Greece. Italy wanted retribution for the murders but Greece did not help them. Italy invaded Greece and Greece appealed to the LON for help. The LON fined Greece so that Italy would leave but did not prevent the fighting.
- Greek-Turkish war: Greece was promised land but the Turkish drove them out and made a new Treaty with GB for the land. The Russians backed the Turkish and the LON failed to help Greece so they lost their land.
- Without the US, Russia, or Germany in the LON, the LON was lacking in power and unfortunately had more failures than successes. Its two main powers, Britain and France, also disagreed on the goals of the LON. Britain wanted to use concilatory methods to ease tensions while France was more interested in supressing any future German tension.
- Successes of the League of Nations
- Failures of the League of Nations
- A New Map: The LON divided up new nations so that they could have trail ways and trade. They knew they were splitting up ethnicities but their main focus was boosting Europe's economy.
- The Treaty of Rapallo: in 1923 Germany and the Soviets undermined restrictions of Versailles and restored strength to Germany and Russia, many countries now feared that these two would try to regain their taken territories.
- The Treaty of Rapallo: in 1923 Germany and the Soviets undermined restrictions of Versailles and restored strength to Germany and Russia, many countries now feared that these two would try to regain their taken territories.
- The League of Nations was originally the brainchild of a US President, however neither the US, nor Russia, participated in the League. Without either nation, the League was lacking two of the world's largest powers and the countries that were int he league, Great Britain, and France, were so crippled from the war that they weren't really world powers at all. For this and other reasons the League of Nations faced serious problems with enforcing its goals of maintaining peace.
- The League of Nations
- Middle East: Hussein/McMann Letters: Britain was prepared to uphold the independence of the Arabs in all regions lying within the frontier proposed by the Sharif of Mecca. In 1916, the Sykes/Plot agreement between the British and the French split control of sections of the middle east. The Zionist movement occurred when Jews wanted to create an independent Jewish state in Israel, the British were their biggest supporters..
- Palestine: The LON made Palestine a British mandate. Palestinians were upset and made many Arabs more angry about the immigration of Jews. Britain withdrew its support of the independent Jewish state to maintain relations with the Arabs.
- Egypt: During the war, Egypt aided the Allies but this led to food shortages and inflation. Egypt was angered taht it would not be represented at the Treaty of Versailles and had an uprising to gain independence. Even with independence, the British controlled the Suez Canal.
- The United States: After the war the US returned to its foreign policy of isolationism. Post war US was the most wealthy and powerful nation int he world and they wanted nothing to do with Europe and its many problems so they did not commit to continue to back the Allied powers.
- Economic Consequences: There was massive inflation in Germany from having to print money to pay off all of their debts and reparations. To help, the US intervened with the Dawes Act which would help balances Germany's finances and hopefully prevent WWII. Many other countries were facing economic troubles as well with war debts and massive war damages.
- The Ruhr Crisis: Germany failed to pay France a reparation so France and Belgium invaded the Ruhr region of Germany. Britain was against it but France wanted timber. In response, the Germans boycotted the mills and burned them to prevent France from succeeding. The Locarno Springs Treaty appointed a new German Chancellor- Gustav Stressman who called of Ruhr and agreed to follow the TOV. This eased tensions between france and germany. Germany moved towards independence and allied with the USSR. They rearmed and became a power againt.
- Manchuria and Abyssina: Japan was now the biggest power in Asia but was dependent on the US to sell exports. The US passed tarriffs on Japanese imports to protect american businesses during the depression. This lead to many problems in Japan. China was weak from civil war so Japan took Manchuria for its natural resources. China wanted help from the LON bu the they couldnt help because they were struggling with depression. LON sent the Lytton commission Report saying that Japan used too much force. Abyssinia: Italy was concerned about South Tyrol because Germany wanted it back. This led to a border dispute between Abyssinia and the Italian Samoa, 51 nations imposed sanctions against italy.
- Manchuria and Abyssina: Japan was now the biggest power in Asia but was dependent on the US to sell exports. The US passed tarriffs on Japanese imports to protect american businesses during the depression. This lead to many problems in Japan. China was weak from civil war so Japan took Manchuria for its natural resources. China wanted help from the LON bu the they couldnt help because they were struggling with depression. LON sent the Lytton commission Report saying that Japan used too much force. Abyssinia: Italy was concerned about South Tyrol because Germany wanted it back. This led to a border dispute between Abyssinia and the Italian Samoa, 51 nations imposed sanctions against italy.
- The Paris Peace Conference was held after the war as a way to officially end World War I. Here the victors, the Allies, met with the Central powers to decide the terms of the end of the war. The most important treaty to come out of the conference wast the Treaty of Versailles, which was the treaty between the Allies and Germany. The treaty of Versaillesdid many things, it placed all of the blame for the war on Germany, forced them to pay reparations to the allied powers, limited their military, and had to give up all of their territories. US President Woodrow Wilson brought with him to the treaty his 14 Points in which he stated he wanted peace without victory, freedom of the seas, and new borders. He also wanted to create the League of Nations, a alliance of nations whose sole purpose would be to maintain peace in the world.
- Treaties that Ended the War
- In 1908 Kaiser Wilhelm took power in Germany and began building up its Navy to challenge the British. In response to this threat the Triple entente formed; an alliance between France, Russia, and Britain. In response to this the German alliance formed between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. In 1914, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Serbia set off the war. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia and was joined in the fight by its allies, the Central Powers. In response, Russia backs Serbia and is backed by its allies, the Allied powers.Soon all of Europe was at war. Fighting continued for three years without US involvement, but Germany wanted to bring the US into the war. So in 1917 they began unrestricted submarine warfare which threatened US passenger and cargo ships. This followed by the Zimmerman telegraph, which revealed Germany's attempt to aid Mexico in war with the US, brought the US into the war until its end.
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