Language Fundamentals

Language Fundamentals

1. ASCII and Unicode

   • Unicode
     • write comments, identifiers, and strings in languages other than English.
   • ASCII
     • input elements, except comments, identifiers, and the contents of characters and strings.

2. Separators

   • Parentheses ()
     • 1. method signatures to contain lists of arguments. 2. expressions to raise operator precedence. 3. narrowing conversions. 4. loops to contain expressions to be evaluated
   • Braces {}
     • 1. declaration of types. 2. blocks of statements 3. array initialization.
   • Brackets []
     • 1. array declaration. 2. array value dereferencing
   • Angle Brackets <>
     • Used to pass parameter to parameterized types.
   • Semicolon ;
     • Used to terminate statements and in the for statement to separate the initialization code, the expression, and the update code.
   • Colon :
     • Used in the for statement that iterates over an array or a collection.
   • Comma ,
     • Used to separate arguments in method declarations.
   • Period .
     • Used to separate package names from subpackages and type names, and to separate a field or method from a reference variable.

3. Variables

   • Reference
   • Primitive
   • Constants
   • identifiers

4. Literals

   • integer
     • byte
     • short
     • int
     • long
   • floating point
     • floats
     • doubles
   • Boolean
     • True or False
   • Character
     • unicode
     • escape
   • source code representation of a fixed value

5. Primitives

   • Short
   • Int
   • Long
     • single precision
   • Double
     • double precision
   • Byte
   • Char
     • unicode
   • Boolean
     • true or false